1. The importance of the nature of exponential function. 指数效应的重要性
One of the most significant barriers to people doing things in the world, to actually introducing change is that they underestimate their ability to bring about change.
阻碍人们为世界变化做出贡献的一大障碍是人们会低估自己带来改变的能力。
Smiles are contagious.
We underestimate our capacity to affect change.
We are influencing people and the world every minute of our lives. The question is in which direction are we going to do it. Be practical idealist.
蝴蝶效应说的就是指数效应。每天帮助三个人,这三个人再去分别帮助三个人,他们各自再去帮助三个人。把一张纸折叠41次(如果可以做到),这张纸的厚度可以从地球抵达月球。
我们生命中的每一分钟都在影响身边的每一个人。问题就在于我们做出影响的方向。
2. 外在环境是否会影响幸福水平?
有人对一些即将评定终身教职(tenure)的教授做了跟踪研究 。在评定结果出来以前问他们,如果评上了,你会怎么样?如果没有评上,你会怎么样?
几乎所有人都说,如果评上了,我余生都会非常快乐,因为这是我追求了一生的东西。如果没有评上,我的余生都会很悲哀。
在评定结果出来以后再去采访这些教授,评上的人是狂喜的,并且认为这种狂喜会持续他们的余生,而没有评上的人是悲伤的,并且认为这种悲伤会持续他们的余生。
再过了3-6个月,以及一年以后再去采访这些教授,研究者发现这些人的幸福水平全部都恢复到了评定终身教职之前的水平。如果一个人之前觉得自己不快乐,那么无论有没有评上,他在一年以后仍旧不快乐。如果一个人之前觉得自己很快乐,那么无论有没有评上,他在一年后的快乐水平和之前相当。
同样的研究结果出现在赢得大乐透的人和遭遇了事故导致瘫痪的人身上。
Extreme circumstances make very little difference to our well-being. Wealth matters very little to our levels of well-being.
极端事件对个人的幸福水平影响很小。财富对个人的幸福水平影响也很小。
Once it’s beyond the basic needs, once our basic needs are met and that means food, shelter, basic education. Once those needs are met,income makes very little difference. No change across generations.
这不是说对于一个流浪汉而言每个月有两千块的收入不能提高他的幸福水平。当基本需求被满足了以后,也就是说事物,住所,基本的教育被满足了以后,收入水平对个人幸福水平影响非常少。时代的不同也不会有差别。
You had a spike in your level of well-being, but very quickly we go back to our base level.
每个人都会经历幸福水平提高的事件,但是很快都会回复到自己的基准水平。
One thing that does matter to our base level of well-being which is external circumstance is democracy versus oppression.
唯一一个确实会影响个人幸福基准水平的外部环境是民主/压制。在民主国家的人幸福水平一定高于独裁国家。在性别平等的国家女性的幸福水平一定高于性别严重不平等的国家。
Beyond the extreme, additions or subtractions to our external circumstances make very little difference.
在极端情况以外,外部环境的变化对个人幸福水平的影响非常小。
3. 降低期望值 vs 正确期望
Lower the expectation won’t work in the long term. The problem is right versus wrong expectations.
The right expectation is to believe in change from within.
In fact, our readiness and potential to experience happiness is mostly depended on our state of mind.
降低期待值从长远来看并没有用。问题在于是否有正确的期望。正确的期望是相信从个人内部产生变化的可能。
实际上,我们是否准备好体验幸福以及体验幸福的潜能取决于我们的思维模式。
4. 允许自己做一个人 —— 接纳自己的各种情绪
There are two kinds of people who experience the constant high, who don’t experience painful emotions such as anger, or envy, or disappointment, or sadness, or unhappiness,or depression or anxiety at times. The one kind are the psychopaths,the other kind are dead people. If you experience these emotions, it’s a good sign.
只有两种人只会体验到“嗨”的情绪,而不会体验到痛苦情绪,比如愤怒,嫉妒,失望,悲伤,不快乐,抑郁或者焦虑。一种人是精神病患者,一种是死人。所以如果你在体验痛苦的情绪,恭喜你,你不是精神病并且你还活着。
In our society, we don’t give ourselves the permission to be human, the freedom to experience these painful emotions as well.
在我们的社会里,我们不允许自己做人,不给自己自由去体验这些痛苦的情绪。
我个人的体会是,我们常常认为这些负面情绪是不好的,在这些情绪来的时候,我们批判自己,我怎么能这么负能量?当身边的人表现出这些情绪的时候,我们会评判:这个人怎么这么负能量?如果是亲近的人,我们会接不住这些情绪,会焦虑,会想迅速把亲近的人带离这些情绪,但往往又做不到,于是两个人都会觉得绝望又疲惫。
我的咨询师对我说过,所有的情绪都是正常的大脑反应,不要去批判自己。要学着像看电影一样,看着情绪现在来了,知道情绪会过去,然后再看着情绪走了。之前听过一些心理学的podcast,里面也多次提到不要批判自己的情绪。之前不是特别理解,现在看了Tal的课,慢慢开始体会到,这就是在give ourselves the permission to be human。
We all need a space, a place in our lives where we give ourselves the permission to be human. Whether we are with close friends, people we care about, whether it’s first and foremost with ourselves. If we don’t,we pay the price.
我们需要一个空间,我们生命里的一个地方,在这里我们允许自己做人。这个地方可以是和亲密的朋友在一起,和我们彼此在乎的人在一起,更重要的是和我们自己在一起。如果我们不这样做,我们会付出代价。
We need a space of unconditional acceptance.
我们需要一个无条件被接纳的空间。
When we suppress a natural phenomenon, that phenomenon only strengthens. The same applies to painful emotions that are natural. And when we try to suppress them, they strengthen.
如果我们压抑一个自然现象(负面情绪),这个现象(负面情绪)只会加强。
Tal举了一个例子,现在请不要去想一头粉红色的大象,你的脑袋里一定有一只粉红色的大象。他说自己是一个内向的人,而内向的人做老师必然面对要在公众面前讲话,他每次都会很紧张,对自己说不要紧张,结果越来越紧张。The pink elephant is everywhere. 现在他还是会紧张,但他承认自己的紧张情绪,并且知道这种情绪是可控的。
5. 如何接受情绪
Rejecting our nature leads to sub-optimal performance,emotionally as well as in terms of external performance.
You would lead a life of constant frustration, refusing to accept something that is there, whether you like it or not.
拒绝接受情绪,你的生活会一团糟。
We accept the law of gravity and we create games around it. And yet we don’t do the same when it comes to our emotions.
我们接受重力的存在,并且利用重力创造游戏,比如球类运动。但是我们却不这么对待情绪。
Painful emotions are as much as part of human nature as the law of gravity is part of physical nature. And “nature to be commanded must be obeyed”.
痛苦的情绪是人性的一部分,就像重力是物理学的一部分一样。
We are not talking about wearing our heart on our sleeves. What we are talking about here is a safe space.
这不是说我们就永远丝毫不加掩饰地展现自己的情绪,我们需要一个安全的空间展现和接受自己的情绪。
What I am talking about is not resignation. What I am talking about is active acceptance. It means understanding that certain things I cannot change and certain things I can and ought to change.
我们也不是说放弃(任凭负面情绪发展而无能为力)。我们说的是积极地接受。意思是说明白有些事情我不能改变,而有些事情我应该改变。
6. ABC
A – affect, emotion (allow ourselves to be human)
A就是情绪,也就是允许自己做人,会体验各种情绪。比如说我们会嫉妒自己的好朋友,这是人性,没有对错。
B – behaviour, action
B是行为。在没有对错的情绪产生以后,我怎么采取行动?面对同样的情绪,我是采取道德的行为还是不道德的行为?
C – cognition, thoughts
C是认知。Tal说会在后面的课里具体展开。
Rumination is actually not that helpful to ruminate about painful emotions. It’s much more helpful to write about them, to talk to other people about them, rather than just to thinking constantly about how miserable I am. The key is to be true to reality.
沉思痛苦的情绪毫无帮助。更有帮助的是写下来,说出来而不是一直去想自己多么可悲。关键点是要面对现实。
7. "Positive Psychology" or "Reality Psychology" 积极心理学还是现实心理学?
This course should not be called “positive psychology”. This course is “reality psychology”.
Accepting the painful emotions are as much part of human nature as the wonderful emotions. The sooner we accept it, the better.
接受痛苦情绪和正面情绪一样都是人性的一部分。这点越早接受越好。
It’s not that you will not have painful emotions anymore. It’s simply that your psychological immune system will become stronger.
不是你以后就再也不会体验痛苦情绪了,而是说你的心理免疫系统会更强大。
The difference between an extremely happy people and an extremely unhappy people is not that one gets sad, or upset, or anxious, or depressed, and the other does not. Both group do. It’s how quickly, how promptly we can recover from these painful emotions.
特别快乐的人和特别不快乐的人的区别不在于一个会伤心,难过,焦虑,抑郁,另一个不会。两者都会经历这些痛苦情绪。区别在于我们能多迅速以及及时地从痛苦情绪中康复。
一首小诗:
“God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change,the courage to change the things I can change, and the wisdom to know the difference.”
上帝,请赐予我平静,让我接受不能改变的。请赐予我勇气,改变我可以改变的。请赐予我智慧,分辨哪些是不能改变的,哪些是可以改变的。
P.S. 这节课Tal是以带领大家做冥想结束的,我做着做着又睡着了。
20/7/2018
网友评论