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fragment的那些使用

fragment的那些使用

作者: 刘孙猫咪 | 来源:发表于2019-01-17 07:59 被阅读0次

    fragment的静态使用:

    fragment的静态使用就是在activity的xml布局中把fragment控件来使用,利用name属性设置对应fragment的路径,静态使用时要注意给fragment加id,不加id运行会报错

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:background="@color/colorAccent"
            android:text="标题"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            android:textSize="20sp"/>
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/fragment_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.ContentFragment"/>
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    运行效果和平时动态使用的效果是一样的;


    GIF.gif

    上面就是fragment的静态使用方式,接下来是它的动态使用方式;

    fragment的动态使用:

    fragment的动态使用就是利用FragmentManager和FragmentTransaction将对应的fragment与activity布局中对应的id相关联,将对应的fragment添加进去,这也是平时开发中使用的比较多的一种方式;

    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
    transaction.add(R.id.content_layout,new ContentFragment());
    transaction.commit();
    

    对于这段代码都不陌生,FragmentTransaction还提供了replace、remove等一系列操作fragment的方法,动态使用和静态使用的效果是一样的;

    fragment和activity之间的传值:

    activity传值给fragment:
    在activity中利用setArguments传值,在fragment利用getArguments获取传递过来的值;

    //传递值
    private void activityToFragment(){
            String trim = etContent.getText().toString().trim();
            FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
            //利用setArguments Bundle传值
            Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("trim",trim);
            contentFragment.setArguments(bundle);
            transaction.replace(R.id.content_layout,contentFragment);
            transaction.commit();
        }
    
    //获取值
    Bundle bundle = getArguments();
    if(bundle!=null){
        String trim = bundle.getString("trim");
        etContent.setText(trim);
    }
    
    GIF.gif

    fragment给activity传值:
    fragment给activity传值可以采用接口回调的方式,就是在对应的fragment里面定义一个接口,在需要传递的地方进行回调,在对应的activity中实现该接口,并重写该方法,在方法中获取fragment传递过来的值;

    public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
        private EditText etContent;
        private ContentInterface linstener;
    
        @Override
        public void onAttach(Context context) {
            super.onAttach(context);
            //初始化接口
            linstener= (ContentInterface) context;
        }
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_content,container,false);
            etContent=view.findViewById(R.id.et_content);
            Bundle bundle = getArguments();
            if(bundle!=null){
                String trim = bundle.getString("trim");
                etContent.setText(trim);
            }
    
            view.findViewById(R.id.tv_send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    fragmentToActivity();
                }
            });
            return view;
        }
        private void fragmentToActivity(){
            if(linstener!=null){
                //进行传值
                linstener.sendContent(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 定义该接口用户fragment向activity传值使用
         */
        public interface ContentInterface{
            void sendContent(String content);
        }
    }
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ContentFragment.ContentInterface {
        private EditText etContent;
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            etContent=findViewById(R.id.et_content);
            FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            transaction.add(R.id.content_layout,new ContentFragment());
            transaction.commit();
    
            findViewById(R.id.tv_send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    activityToFragment();
                }
            });
        }
        private void activityToFragment(){
            String trim = etContent.getText().toString().trim();
            FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
            //利用setArguments Bundle传值
            Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("trim",trim);
            contentFragment.setArguments(bundle);
            transaction.replace(R.id.content_layout,contentFragment);
            transaction.commit();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sendContent(String content) {
            if(content!=null&&content.length()!=0){
                //获取fragment传递过来的值
                etContent.setText(content);
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    
    GIF.gif

    fragment和fragment之间的传值:

    activity 布局采用的是fragment的静态使用,左右两边各一个fragment;

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
            android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.LeftFragment"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
            android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.RightFragment"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    传值方式一:
    在进行传值时通过getFragmentManager().findFragmentById或者getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag()获取到右边的fragment,在右边的fragment提供一个public方法,方法里面进行设置操作;

    private void leftToRight(){
            RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
            fragment.setContent(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
        }
    
    /**
         * 设置内容
         * @param content
         */
        public void setContent(String content){
            etContent.setText(content);
        }
    

    方式二:
    通过getFragmentManager().findFragmentById或者getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag()获取到右边的fragment,在通过getView方法直接获取到右边fragment中的布局view通过view.findViewById获取到对应的view,对获取到的view进行赋值操作;

    private void leftToRight(){
            RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
            View fragmentView = fragment.getView();
            EditText rightEdit = fragmentView.findViewById(R.id.et_content);
            rightEdit.setText(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
        }
    

    方式三:
    直接通过getActivity().findViewById根据id获取到对应的view,对获取到的view进行赋值;这种方式需要注意左边fragment有右边fragment中的控件id不要存在一样的;

    private void leftToRight(){
    //        RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
            EditText rightEdit = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.right_content);
            rightEdit.setText(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
        }
    
    GIF.gif

    ListFragment

    ListFragment extends Fragment,同时里面封装了一个ListView,就是一个列表Fragment,如果项目中有类似的需求可以使用ListFragment可以少写一些代码;使用时和ListView和RecyclerView一样在对应的Fragment xml布局中使用,不过在设置id的时候需要注意,要使用系统给的id,不能随便设置id

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <ListView
            android:id="@android:id/list"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    

    设置好系统id后,在Fragment不需要通过findViewById获取控件,可以直接通过setAdapter设置适配器数据;

    //设置适配器
    setListAdapter(new ItemAdapter());
    

    在设置点击事件时和之前也不一样,需要重写onListItemClick方法,在该方法中处理条目点击事件;

    @Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
            super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了:"+position,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    

    完整代码:

    public class FragmentList extends ListFragment {
        private List<String> list;
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_list,container,false);
            list=new ArrayList<>();
            for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
                list.add("itemposition"+i);
            }
            //设置适配器
            setListAdapter(new ItemAdapter());
    
            return view;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
            super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了:"+position,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    
        class ItemAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
    
            @Override
            public int getCount() {
                return list.size();
            }
    
            @Override
            public Object getItem(int position) {
                return list.get(position);
            }
    
            @Override
            public long getItemId(int position) {
                return position;
            }
    
            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                ViewHolder viewHolder;
                if(convertView==null){
                    viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
                    convertView=LayoutInflater.from(getActivity()).inflate(R.layout.item_layout,parent,false);
                    viewHolder.itemText=convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
                    convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
                }else{
                    viewHolder= (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
                }
                viewHolder.itemText.setText(list.get(position));
                return convertView;
            }
            class ViewHolder{
                TextView itemText;
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    GIF.gif

    DialogFragment

    DialogFragment extends Fragment拥有fragment生命周期的一个dialog,相比于系统的dialog,DialogFragment在发生横竖屏切换时,不会被销毁掉,会保持原样,在某些场景下比系统的dialog体验要好;使用和Fragment一样,定义一个类 extend DialogFragment,
    可以重写onCreateView方法,通过xml布局来实现一个Dialog;

    @Nullable
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
        }
    

    也可以onCreateDialog方法,通过创建一个Dialog来实现效果;

    @NonNull
        @Override
        public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);
        }
    
    public class ContentDialog extends DialogFragment {
    //    @Nullable
    //    @Override
    //    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    //        return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
    //    }
    
        @NonNull
        @Override
        public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
                    .setTitle("提示")
                    .setMessage("是否退出应用程序")
                    .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                    .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了取消",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        }
                    })
                    .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了确定",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        }
                    });
            return builder.create();
        }
    }
    

    这样子就创建好了一个DialogFragment,使用时直接new 一个DialogFragment,调用它的show方法;

    ContentDialog contentDialog=new ContentDialog();
    contentDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(),"contentDialog");
    
    GIF.gif

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