fragment的静态使用:
fragment的静态使用就是在activity的xml布局中把fragment控件来使用,利用name属性设置对应fragment的路径,静态使用时要注意给fragment加id,不加id运行会报错;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:background="@color/colorAccent"
android:text="标题"
android:gravity="center"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:textSize="20sp"/>
<fragment
android:id="@+id/fragment_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.ContentFragment"/>
</LinearLayout>
运行效果和平时动态使用的效果是一样的;
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上面就是fragment的静态使用方式,接下来是它的动态使用方式;
fragment的动态使用:
fragment的动态使用就是利用FragmentManager和FragmentTransaction将对应的fragment与activity布局中对应的id相关联,将对应的fragment添加进去,这也是平时开发中使用的比较多的一种方式;
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
transaction.add(R.id.content_layout,new ContentFragment());
transaction.commit();
对于这段代码都不陌生,FragmentTransaction还提供了replace、remove等一系列操作fragment的方法,动态使用和静态使用的效果是一样的;
fragment和activity之间的传值:
activity传值给fragment:
在activity中利用setArguments传值,在fragment利用getArguments获取传递过来的值;
//传递值
private void activityToFragment(){
String trim = etContent.getText().toString().trim();
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
//利用setArguments Bundle传值
Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
bundle.putString("trim",trim);
contentFragment.setArguments(bundle);
transaction.replace(R.id.content_layout,contentFragment);
transaction.commit();
}
//获取值
Bundle bundle = getArguments();
if(bundle!=null){
String trim = bundle.getString("trim");
etContent.setText(trim);
}
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fragment给activity传值:
fragment给activity传值可以采用接口回调的方式,就是在对应的fragment里面定义一个接口,在需要传递的地方进行回调,在对应的activity中实现该接口,并重写该方法,在方法中获取fragment传递过来的值;
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
private EditText etContent;
private ContentInterface linstener;
@Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
//初始化接口
linstener= (ContentInterface) context;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_content,container,false);
etContent=view.findViewById(R.id.et_content);
Bundle bundle = getArguments();
if(bundle!=null){
String trim = bundle.getString("trim");
etContent.setText(trim);
}
view.findViewById(R.id.tv_send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
fragmentToActivity();
}
});
return view;
}
private void fragmentToActivity(){
if(linstener!=null){
//进行传值
linstener.sendContent(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
}
}
/**
* 定义该接口用户fragment向activity传值使用
*/
public interface ContentInterface{
void sendContent(String content);
}
}
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ContentFragment.ContentInterface {
private EditText etContent;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
etContent=findViewById(R.id.et_content);
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
transaction.add(R.id.content_layout,new ContentFragment());
transaction.commit();
findViewById(R.id.tv_send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
activityToFragment();
}
});
}
private void activityToFragment(){
String trim = etContent.getText().toString().trim();
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
//利用setArguments Bundle传值
Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
bundle.putString("trim",trim);
contentFragment.setArguments(bundle);
transaction.replace(R.id.content_layout,contentFragment);
transaction.commit();
}
@Override
public void sendContent(String content) {
if(content!=null&&content.length()!=0){
//获取fragment传递过来的值
etContent.setText(content);
}
}
}
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fragment和fragment之间的传值:
activity 布局采用的是fragment的静态使用,左右两边各一个fragment;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.LeftFragment"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" />
<fragment
android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
android:name="com.lsm.myapplication.fragment.RightFragment"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>
传值方式一:
在进行传值时通过getFragmentManager().findFragmentById或者getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag()获取到右边的fragment,在右边的fragment提供一个public方法,方法里面进行设置操作;
private void leftToRight(){
RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
fragment.setContent(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
}
/**
* 设置内容
* @param content
*/
public void setContent(String content){
etContent.setText(content);
}
方式二:
通过getFragmentManager().findFragmentById或者getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag()获取到右边的fragment,在通过getView方法直接获取到右边fragment中的布局view通过view.findViewById获取到对应的view,对获取到的view进行赋值操作;
private void leftToRight(){
RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
View fragmentView = fragment.getView();
EditText rightEdit = fragmentView.findViewById(R.id.et_content);
rightEdit.setText(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
}
方式三:
直接通过getActivity().findViewById根据id获取到对应的view,对获取到的view进行赋值;这种方式需要注意左边fragment有右边fragment中的控件id不要存在一样的;
private void leftToRight(){
// RightFragment fragment = (RightFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.right_fragment);
EditText rightEdit = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.right_content);
rightEdit.setText(etContent.getText().toString().trim());
}
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ListFragment
ListFragment extends Fragment,同时里面封装了一个ListView,就是一个列表Fragment,如果项目中有类似的需求可以使用ListFragment可以少写一些代码;使用时和ListView和RecyclerView一样在对应的Fragment xml布局中使用,不过在设置id的时候需要注意,要使用系统给的id,不能随便设置id;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ListView
android:id="@android:id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
设置好系统id后,在Fragment不需要通过findViewById获取控件,可以直接通过setAdapter设置适配器数据;
//设置适配器
setListAdapter(new ItemAdapter());
在设置点击事件时和之前也不一样,需要重写onListItemClick方法,在该方法中处理条目点击事件;
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了:"+position,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
完整代码:
public class FragmentList extends ListFragment {
private List<String> list;
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_list,container,false);
list=new ArrayList<>();
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
list.add("itemposition"+i);
}
//设置适配器
setListAdapter(new ItemAdapter());
return view;
}
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了:"+position,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
class ItemAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
@Override
public int getCount() {
return list.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return list.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if(convertView==null){
viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
convertView=LayoutInflater.from(getActivity()).inflate(R.layout.item_layout,parent,false);
viewHolder.itemText=convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
}else{
viewHolder= (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
viewHolder.itemText.setText(list.get(position));
return convertView;
}
class ViewHolder{
TextView itemText;
}
}
}
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DialogFragment
DialogFragment extends Fragment拥有fragment生命周期的一个dialog,相比于系统的dialog,DialogFragment在发生横竖屏切换时,不会被销毁掉,会保持原样,在某些场景下比系统的dialog体验要好;使用和Fragment一样,定义一个类 extend DialogFragment,
可以重写onCreateView方法,通过xml布局来实现一个Dialog;
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}
也可以onCreateDialog方法,通过创建一个Dialog来实现效果;
@NonNull
@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);
}
public class ContentDialog extends DialogFragment {
// @Nullable
// @Override
// public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
// }
@NonNull
@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage("是否退出应用程序")
.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了取消",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
})
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"点击了确定",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
return builder.create();
}
}
这样子就创建好了一个DialogFragment,使用时直接new 一个DialogFragment,调用它的show方法;
ContentDialog contentDialog=new ContentDialog();
contentDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(),"contentDialog");
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