序言
httprunner的使用和其中的一些概念在官方的文档中已经详细说明，写这个学习记录是为了记录下自己的学习历程，能够在今后快速的深入学习和实践。没有提及的部分，请查看官方文档
版本：2.2.5
参考
变量的申明和引用 ¶
承接上文，测试脚本天气.yml中，我们将city设置为变量，它是在variables被定义的，然后可以通过 $ + 变量名称 的方式引用变量，他是以$开头，特殊字符结尾，取中间的字符串。
在一些场景中，需要引用参数拼接字符串时，可以使用${变量名称}的方式引用。
同时，可以在extract中提取返回数据，作为变量。
# 测试名称（必须的），String
name: 获取 城市 的天气
# 变量（可选的）, List,被上级（testcases，testsuite）覆盖
variables:
# 设置变量，城市
city: 上
baseUrl: https://www.apiopen.top
path: /weatherApi
msg: "成功!"
# 默认域名（可选的）.String
base_url: $baseUrl
# 请求参数（必须的）, dict, 与request中的参数相同
request:
method: GET
url: $path
params:
# 通过 $+参数名称 的形式，应用变量
city: ${city}海
# 提取器（可选的）, dict,提取返回参数
extract:
code: content.code
# 验证（可选的）, list
validate:
- eq: [$code , 200]
- eq: [content.msg, $msg]
# 前置处理（可选的），list
setup_hooks:
# 后置处理（可选的），list
teardown_hooks:
函数定义和调用 ¶
定义
在项目目录下的debugtalk.py文件中新增函数。
import uuid
def uuk():
"""
获取UUID
:return:
"""
return str(uuid.uuid1())
引用
在yaml文件中调用方法的形式是：${fun(var)},如：
variables:
# 设置变量，城市
city: 上海
baseUrl: https://www.apiopen.top
path: /weatherApi
msg: "成功!"
# 通过调用debugtalk.py 的 uuk() 方法随机获取 UUID
uuk: ${uuk()}
httprunner内定义的方法：
-
${parameterize(csv_file)}和${P(csv_file)}: 加载csv文件并检查文件内容格式，其中，csv_file为csv文件路径
elif function_name in ["parameterize", "P"]:
from httprunner import loader
return loader.load_csv_file
-
${environ(variable_name)}和${ENV(variable_name)}:获取环境变量的值。其中，variable_name为变量名称。环境变量可以通过.env文件定义
elif function_name in ["environ", "ENV"]:
return utils.get_os_environ
-
built-in中的函数
def get_uniform_comparator(comparator):
""" convert comparator alias to uniform name
"""
if comparator in ["eq", "equals", "==", "is"]:
return "equals"
elif comparator in ["lt", "less_than"]:
return "less_than"
elif comparator in ["le", "less_than_or_equals"]:
return "less_than_or_equals"
elif comparator in ["gt", "greater_than"]:
return "greater_than"
elif comparator in ["ge", "greater_than_or_equals"]:
return "greater_than_or_equals"
elif comparator in ["ne", "not_equals"]:
return "not_equals"
elif comparator in ["str_eq", "string_equals"]:
return "string_equals"
elif comparator in ["len_eq", "length_equals", "count_eq"]:
return "length_equals"
elif comparator in ["len_gt", "count_gt", "length_greater_than", "count_greater_than"]:
return "length_greater_than"
elif comparator in ["len_ge", "count_ge", "length_greater_than_or_equals", \
"count_greater_than_or_equals"]:
return "length_greater_than_or_equals"
elif comparator in ["len_lt", "count_lt", "length_less_than", "count_less_than"]:
return "length_less_than"
elif comparator in ["len_le", "count_le", "length_less_than_or_equals", \
"count_less_than_or_equals"]:
return "length_less_than_or_equals"
else:
return comparator
# encoding: utf-8
"""
Built-in dependent functions used in YAML/JSON testcases.
"""
import datetime
import json
import os
import random
import re
import string
import time
import filetype
from httprunner.compat import basestring, builtin_str, integer_types, str
from httprunner.exceptions import ParamsError
from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder
PWD = os.getcwd()
###############################################################################
## built-in functions
###############################################################################
def gen_random_string(str_len):
""" generate random string with specified length
"""
return ''.join(
random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for _ in range(str_len))
def get_timestamp(str_len=13):
""" get timestamp string, length can only between 0 and 16
"""
if isinstance(str_len, integer_types) and 0 < str_len < 17:
return builtin_str(time.time()).replace(".", "")[:str_len]
raise ParamsError("timestamp length can only between 0 and 16.")
def get_current_date(fmt="%Y-%m-%d"):
""" get current date, default format is %Y-%m-%d
"""
return datetime.datetime.now().strftime(fmt)
###############################################################################
## upload files with requests-toolbelt
# e.g.
# - test:
# name: upload file
# variables:
# file_path: "data/test.env"
# multipart_encoder: ${multipart_encoder(file=$file_path)}
# request:
# url: /post
# method: POST
# headers:
# Content-Type: ${multipart_content_type($multipart_encoder)}
# data: $multipart_encoder
# validate:
# - eq: ["status_code", 200]
# - startswith: ["content.files.file", "UserName=test"]
###############################################################################
def multipart_encoder(**kwargs):
""" initialize MultipartEncoder with uploading fields.
"""
def get_filetype(file_path):
file_type = filetype.guess(file_path)
if file_type:
return file_type.mime
else:
return "text/html"
fields_dict = {}
for key, value in kwargs.items():
if os.path.isabs(value):
_file_path = value
is_file = True
else:
global PWD
_file_path = os.path.join(PWD, value)
is_file = os.path.isfile(_file_path)
if is_file:
filename = os.path.basename(_file_path)
with open(_file_path, 'rb') as f:
mime_type = get_filetype(_file_path)
fields_dict[key] = (filename, f.read(), mime_type)
else:
fields_dict[key] = value
return MultipartEncoder(fields=fields_dict)
def multipart_content_type(multipart_encoder):
""" prepare Content-Type for request headers
"""
return multipart_encoder.content_type
###############################################################################
## built-in comparators
###############################################################################
def equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value == expect_value
def less_than(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value < expect_value
def less_than_or_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value <= expect_value
def greater_than(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value > expect_value
def greater_than_or_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value >= expect_value
def not_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert check_value != expect_value
def string_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert builtin_str(check_value) == builtin_str(expect_value)
def length_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, integer_types)
assert len(check_value) == expect_value
def length_greater_than(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, integer_types)
assert len(check_value) > expect_value
def length_greater_than_or_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, integer_types)
assert len(check_value) >= expect_value
def length_less_than(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, integer_types)
assert len(check_value) < expect_value
def length_less_than_or_equals(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, integer_types)
assert len(check_value) <= expect_value
def contains(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(check_value, (list, tuple, dict, basestring))
assert expect_value in check_value
def contained_by(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, (list, tuple, dict, basestring))
assert check_value in expect_value
def type_match(check_value, expect_value):
def get_type(name):
if isinstance(name, type):
return name
elif isinstance(name, basestring):
try:
return __builtins__[name]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError(name)
else:
raise ValueError(name)
assert isinstance(check_value, get_type(expect_value))
def regex_match(check_value, expect_value):
assert isinstance(expect_value, basestring)
assert isinstance(check_value, basestring)
assert re.match(expect_value, check_value)
def startswith(check_value, expect_value):
assert builtin_str(check_value).startswith(builtin_str(expect_value))
def endswith(check_value, expect_value):
assert builtin_str(check_value).endswith(builtin_str(expect_value))
""" built-in hooks
"""
def sleep_N_secs(n_secs):
""" sleep n seconds
"""
time.sleep(n_secs)
以及python的内置函数
getattr(builtins, function_name)
环境变量 ¶
默认情况下，在自动化测试项目的根目录中，创建.env文件，并将敏感数据信息放置到其中，存储采用 name=value 的格式
USERNAME=leolee
PASSWORD=123456
引用环境变量，可以通过在YAML/JSON 脚本中使用${environ(variable_name)}或${ENV(variable_name)}获取环境变量的值，variable_name为变量名称
运行是切换环境
默认情况下，使用hrun api/天气.yml --log-level DEBUG运行测试时，会默认加载根目录中的 .env文件.
没有指定环境变量文件
新建一个
.env文件dev.env，在文件中新增环境变量
新增环境变量文件
运行测试时，指定加载的环境变量文件
--dot-env-path + 环境文件路径
hrun api/天气.yml --log-level DEBUG --dot-env-path dev.env
指定环境变量文件
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