枚举类

作者: 冯宏志 | 来源:发表于2020-12-17 13:18 被阅读0次
    枚举类的理解
    1. 类的对象只有有限个,确定的
    2. 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
    3. 如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式
    如何定义枚举类

    方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类(此枚举类继承于Object)

    package com.atguigu.java;
    
    public class SeasonTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Season spring = Season.SPRING;
            System.out.println(spring);
        }
    }
    
    class Season{
        //1、声明Season对象属性:private final 修饰
        private final String seasonName;
        private final String seasonDesc;
    
        //2、私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
        private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
            this.seasonName = seasonName;
            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
        }
    
        //3、提供当前枚举类的多个对象
        public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
        public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
        public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
        public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
    
        //4、其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
        public String getSeasonName() {
            return seasonName;
        }
    
        public String getSeasonDesc() {
            return seasonDesc;
        }
    
        //其他诉求2:提供toSring
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Season{" +
                    "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                    ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    

    方式二:在jdk5.0时,可以用enum关键字定义枚举类(此枚举类继承于java.lang.Enum类)
    说明:定义的枚举类继承于class java.lang.Enum,所以toString方法已经重写,输出对象名

    package com.atguigu.java;
    
    public class SeasonTest1 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Season1 spring = Season1.SPRING;
            System.out.println(spring);//SPRING
            System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());//查询到父类为class java.lang.Enum
        }
    }
    
    enum Season1{
        //1、提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用逗号隔开,末尾对象用分号结束
        SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
        SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
        AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
        WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
    
        //2、声明Season对象属性:private final 修饰
        private final String seasonName;
        private final String seasonDesc;
    
        //3、私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
        private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
            this.seasonName = seasonName;
            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
        }
    
    
        //4、其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
        public String getSeasonName() {
            return seasonName;
        }
    
        public String getSeasonDesc() {
            return seasonDesc;
        }
    
    }
    
    
    Enum类中的常用方法

    toString()返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
    value():返回枚举类的对象数组,该方法可以方便的遍历所有枚举值
    valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
    如果没有objName的枚举类对象,则抛异常:IllegalArgumentException

    System.out.println(spring);//SPRING,调用引用相当于调用该引用的toString()方法
    
     //values()方法的使用
            Season1[] values = Season1.values();
            for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
                System.out.println(values[i]);
            }
    
    //valueOf(String objName)方法的使用
            Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
            System.out.println(winter);
    
    使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
    • 情况一:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法
    • 情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
      格式:
    interface Info{
        public void show();
    }
    
     SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
            @Override
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("接口实现:春天");
            }
        },
        SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
            @Override
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("接口实现:夏天");
            }
        },
        AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
            @Override
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("接口实现:秋天");
            }
        },
        WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
            @Override
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("接口实现:冬天");
            }
        };
    

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