Python 多线程

import time, threading

# 新线程执行的代码:
def loop():
    print('thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name)
    n = 0
    while n < 5:
        n = n + 1
        print('thread %s >>> %s' % (threading.current_thread().name, n))
        time.sleep(1)
    print('thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name)

print('thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name)
t = threading.Thread(target=loop, name='LoopThread')
t.start()
t.join()
print('thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name)

执行结果如下：

thread MainThread is running...
thread LoopThread is running...
thread LoopThread >>> 1
thread LoopThread >>> 2
thread LoopThread >>> 3
thread LoopThread >>> 4
thread LoopThread >>> 5
thread LoopThread ended.
thread MainThread ended.

lock

import time, threading

# 假定这是你的银行存款:
balance = 0
lock = threading.Lock()

def change_it(n):
    # 先存后取，结果应该为0:
    global balance
    balance = balance + n
    balance = balance - n

def run_thread(n):
    for i in range(100000):
# 先要获取锁:
        lock.acquire()
        try:
            # 放心地改吧:
            change_it(n)
        finally:
            # 改完了一定要释放锁:
            lock.release()

t1 = threading.Thread(target=run_thread, args=(5,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=run_thread, args=(8,))
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print(balance)

多核CPU

Python的线程虽然是真正的线程，但解释器执行代码时，有一个GIL锁：Global Interpreter Lock，任何Python线程执行前，必须先获得GIL锁，然后，每执行100条字节码，解释器就自动释放GIL锁，让别的线程有机会执行。这个GIL全局锁实际上把所有线程的执行代码都给上了锁，所以，多线程在Python中只能交替执行，即使100个线程跑在100核CPU上，也只能用到1个核

Python虽然不能利用多线程实现多核任务，但可以通过多进程实现多核任务。多个Python进程有各自独立的GIL锁，互不影响。