IELT Reading Day2: IELTS 8-4-2 20190313
Biological control of pests
1.错题总结
题目：complete each sentence with the correct ending
26： Salvinia molesta plagues 错选：I larval parasites 答案：rice fields
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Salvinia n.槐叶萍属 molesta ,adj,讨人厌的 plagues plague /pleɪɡ/ 瘟疫 verb [ T ] 折磨
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larval 美 /'lɑrvəl/ 幼虫的 parasites 寄生虫
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rice n. 稻；米饭rice /raɪs,raɪs/ fields 美 /'fildz/
原文对照：By using Neochetima bruci, a beetle native to Brazil,scientists at Kerala Agricultural University freed a 12-kilomere-long canal from the clutches of the weed
Salvinia molesta, popularity called "African Payal" in Kerala.About 30,000 hectares of rice fields in Kerala are infested by this weed.
喀拉拉邦农业大学的科学家们利用一种原产于巴西的甲虫Neochetima bruci，将一条12公里长的运河从Salvinia molesta杂草的魔爪下解放了出来。Salvinia molesta在喀拉拉邦很受欢迎，被称为“非洲Payal”。喀拉拉邦大约3万公顷的稻田都受到这种杂草的侵扰。
beetle 英 /'biːt(ə)l/ n. 甲虫；大槌
freed ... from [V-T ](javascript:;)If you free someone of something that is unpleasant or restricting, you remove it from them. 使免除
the clutches of [Clutches](javascript:;) 手包 紧抓 离合器 手爪
be infested by infested. v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于
2.生词总结
| 生词 | 解释 | 原文重现 |
|---|---|---|
| pests pest /pɛst/ n | [N-COUNT ](javascript:;)Pests are insects or small animals that damage crops or food supplies. 害虫; 有害的小动物 | Biological control of pests 生物控制害虫 |
| breed | n. [生物] 品种；种类，类型 | Apart from engendering widespread ecological diorders,pesticides have contributed to the emergence of a new breed of chemical-resistant,highly lethal superbugs. |
| lethal | le‧thal /'liːθəl,ˋliθəl/ causing death, or able to cause death 致命的，致死的，具杀伤力的 | 除了造成广泛的生态失调外，杀虫剂还促成了一种新型的具有化学抗性、高度致命的超级细菌的出现。 |
| superbugs /ˈsuː.pɚ.bʌɡ/ | a type of bacteria that causes an illness that cannot be cured by antibiotics （不能被抗生素杀灭的）超级病菌 | Apart from engendering widespread ecological diorders,pesticides have contributed to the emergence of a new breed of chemical-resistant,highly lethal superbugs. |
| treadmill /ˈtred.mɪl/ | any type of repeated work that is boring and makes you feel tired and seems to have nopositive effect and no end 繁重无聊的重复性工作 | This results in what agroecologists call the 'treadmill sydndrome'. |
| agroecologists | 生态农业学家 | This results in what agroecologists call the 'treadmill syndrome'. |
| syndrome/ˈsɪn.droʊm/ | [ C ] a combination of medical problems that shows the existence of a particular disease ormental condition 综合征，征群，综合症状 | 这就导致了农业生态学家所说的“繁重的综合症”。 |
| havoc n. /ˈhæv.ək/ | confusion and lack of order, especially causing damage or trouble 破坏，毁坏；混乱 | The havoc that the 'treadmill syndrome' can bring about is well illustrated by what happened to cotton farmers in Central America.“繁重的综合症”可能带来的破坏，在中美洲棉农身上发生的事情就很好地说明了这一点。 |
| bask verb [ I usually + adv/prep ] UK /bɑːsk/ US /bæsk/ | to lie or sit enjoying the warmth especially of the sun 晒太阳；取暖 We could see seals on the rocks, basking in the sun. 我们可以看见海豹在岩石上晒太阳 | In the early 1940s,basking in the glory of chemical-based intensive agriculture, the farmers avidly took to pesticides as a sure measure to boost crop yield.20世纪40年代初，农民们沐浴在以化学为基础的集约化农业的光辉之中，热切地把使用农药作为提高农作物产量的一项可靠措施。 |
| avid /ˈæv.ɪd/ | extremely eager or interested: She reads avidly. adverb | In the early 1940s,basking in the glory of chemical-based intensive agriculture, the farmers avidly took to pesticides as a sure measure to boost crop yield.20世纪40年代初，农民们沐浴在以化学为基础的集约化农业的光辉之中，热切地把使用农药作为提高农作物产量的一项可靠措施 |
| insecticide noun [ C or U ] /ɪnˈsek.tə.saɪd/ | a chemical substance made and used for killing insects, especially those that eat plants 杀虫剂 | The insecticide was applied eight times a year in the mid-1940s,rising to 28 in a season in the mid-1950s,following the sudden proliferation of three new varieties of chemical-resistant pests.在20世纪40年代中期，这种杀虫剂每年被使用8次，到了50年代中期，这种杀虫剂的使用季节增加到了28次,导致了三种新的耐化学药物害虫突然大量繁殖。 |
| escalate *verb *US ** /ˈes.kə.leɪt/ | **to become or make something become greater or more serious ** （使）增强；（使）扩大；（使）加剧；（使）恶化 His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed. | In the fact of the escalating perils from indiscriminate applications of pesticides, a more effective and ecologically sound strategy of biological control,involving the selective use of natural enemies of the pest population, is fast gaining popularity-though, as yet, it is a new field with limited potential. |
| peril noun [ C or U ] /ˈpɛrɪl/ | great danger, or something that is very dangerous 巨大的危险；险情，险 I never felt that my life was in peril.我从未意识到我的生命受到了严重的威胁。 | 由于滥用杀虫剂的危险日益增加，一种更有效和生态上更合理的生物控制战略，包括有选择地使用害虫种群的天敌，正在迅速得到普及，尽管到目前为止，这是一个潜力有限的新领域。 |
| indiscriminate | not showing careful thought or planning, especially so that harm results 不加思考的，未加计划的，任意的（尤指带来不良后果） | |
| perpetual adjective /pɚˈpetʃ.u.əl/ | continuing for ever in the same way They lived in perpetual fear of being discovered. | The advantages of biological control in contrast to other methods is that it provides a relatively low-costs,perpetual control system with a minimum of detrimental side -effects. |
| detrimental adjective /ˌdetrəˈmen.t̬əl/ | causing harm or damage: These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment. | 与其他方法相比，生物控制的优点是它提供了一种成本相对较低、永久性的控制系统，而且副作用最小 |
| **disperse **verb [ I/T ] /dɪˈspɜrs/ | **to scatter or move away over a large area, or to cause this to happen:It took several hours for the crowd to disperse. | When handle by experts,bio-control is safe,non-polluting and self-dispersing.经专家处理，生物控制安全、无污染、自分散。 |
| predator noun /ˈpred.ə.t̬ɚ/ | an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals:lions, [wolves], and other predators | The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control(CIBC) in Bangalore,with its global network of research laboratories and field stations, is one of the most avtive,non-commercial research agencies engaged in pest control by setting natural predators against parasites |
| laboratory noun /ˈlæb.rə.tɔːr.i/ | a room or building with scientific equipment for doingscientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicalsor medicines are produced: | |
| parasite noun /ˈper.ə.saɪt/ | an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feedsfrom it: | The older drugs didn't deal effectively with the malaria parasite. |
| seed-feeding | seed /siːd,sid/ n 种子 feed /fiːd/.v，喂养 | |
| weevil | a small insect that feeds on grain, flour etc and spoils it 〔吃谷物、面粉等的〕象甲，象鼻虫 | |
| obnoxious | ob‧nox‧ious /əb'nɒkʃəs,əbˋnɑkʃəs/ adj very offensive, unpleasant, or rude 惹人讨厌的；可憎的；粗暴无礼的 | CIBC successfully used a seed-feeding weevil,native to Mexico,to control the obnaxious parthenium weed,known to exert devious influence on agriculture and human health in both India and Australia.CIBC成功地使用了一种原产于墨西哥的种子喂养的象鼻虫来控制具有黑毒性的帕特农杂草，这种杂草已知对印度和澳大利亚的农业和人类健康产生了不寻常的影响。 |
| parthenium | adj,银的，光的 | |
| weed n | any wild plant that grows in a garden or field where it is not wanted: My garden is overrun with weeds. | |
| devious /ˈdiː.vi.əs/ | using indirect ways to get what you want, esp. without showing your real purpose:He took a rather devious route which avoids the city centre. | |
| eradiction n /ɪˌræd.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ | to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad: | Similarly the Hyderabad-based Regional Research Laboratory(RRL),supported by CIBC,is now trying out an Argentinian weevil for the eradication of water hyacinth,another dangerous weed,which has become a nuisance in many parts of the world. |
| hyacinth | /ˈhaɪ.ə.sɪnθ/ a pleasant-smelling plant with a lot of small flowers that grow closetogether around one thick stem | 同样的，由CIBC资助的海得拉巴地区研究实验室(RRL)正在尝试一种阿根廷象鼻虫来消灭水葫芦，水葫芦是另一种危险的杂草，在世界许多地方已经成为一种麻烦。 |
| nuisance | ||
| breed *verb */briːd/ bred, bred | to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way:Terriers are bred for their fighting instincts. | CIBC is also perfecting the technique for breeding parasites that prey on "disapene scale"insects-notorious defoliants of fruit trees in the US and India.CIBC还在完善培育寄生虫的技术，这些寄生虫以“disapene scale”昆虫为食，这种昆虫在美国和印度是臭名昭著的果树落叶剂。 |
| disapene | ||
| defoliants *noun */ˌdiːˈfoʊ.li.ənt/ | a chemical that is used to make the leaves drop off plants | |
| groves noun /ɡroʊv/ | a group of trees planted close together: | In the late 1960s,when Sri Lanka's flourshing coconut groves were plagued by leaf-mining hispides, a larval parasite imported from Singapore brought the pest under control.上世纪60年代末，当斯里兰卡繁荣的椰林被采叶虫所困扰时，一种从新加坡进口的幼虫寄生虫控制了这种害虫。 |
| hispides | 虫 | |
| larval | larval /ˈlɑːvəl/ Larval means concerning insect larvae or in the state of being an insect larva. 幼虫的; 幼虫期的 | |
| devouring | devour /dɪˈvaʊə/ 毁灭的 | A natural predator indigenous to India,Neodumetia sangawani,was found useful in controlling the Rhodes grass-scale insect that was devouring forage grass in many parts of the US. 印度本土的一种自然捕食者Neodumetia sangawani被发现在控制罗德草鳞虫方面很有用。罗德草鳞虫在美国的许多地方都在吞食牧草。 |
| forage | n 钻探；钻孔，钻眼，钻井；掘井 |
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