1.拿到第一个用户名、链接以及include参数（user_url）

start_user = 'gui-mu-zhi'
user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}'
user_query = 'allow_message,is_followed,is_following,is_org,is_blocking,employments,answer_count,follower_count,articles_count,gender,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'

2.拿到粉丝链接以及include参数

follows_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset={offset}t&limit={limit}'
follows_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'

3.修改初始请求，返回用户和粉丝的请求，通过format方法将参数传递进去，分别回调解析用户函数和解析粉丝函数

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user)
        yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.follows_query, offset=0, limit=20), self.parse_follow)

4.解析用户，获取内容

    def parse_user(self, response):
        # 将拿到的数据转成json格式
        result = json.loads(response.text)
        # 将Item实例化对象
        item = ZhihuItem()
        # 遍历item里面的fields
        for filed in item.fields:
            # 判断filed是否在返回结果的keys中
            if filed in result.keys():
                # 将返回结果传入item当中
                item[filed] = result.get(filed)
        yield item
        # 返回请求粉丝链接将刚拿到的粉丝用户里面的url_token还有include传进去  回调到解析粉丝函数当中
        yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, offset=0, limit=20), self.parse_follow)

5.# 解析粉丝列表

    def parse_follow(self, response):
        # 将返回结果转成json格式
        results = json.loads(response.text)
        # 判断'data'是否在在返回结果的keys里面
        if 'data' in results.keys():
            # 如果在  遍历data数据
            for result in results.get('data'):
                # 返回请求用户函数当中 再解析存储数据
                yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query), callback=self.parse_user)
        # 判断paging是否在keys中并且当中的is_end参数值是否为False（判断是否是最后一页）
        if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
            # 拿到下一页链接
            next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
            # 返回请求下一页  回调继续解析粉丝
            yield Request(
                next_page,
                self.parse_follow,
            )

注：使用的是scrapy框架