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Keepalived集群软件高级使用(工作原理和状态通知)

Keepalived集群软件高级使用(工作原理和状态通知)

作者: Joncc | 来源:发表于2018-12-11 14:29 被阅读5次

    1、介绍

    Keeaplived主要有两种应用场景,一个是通过配置keepalived结合ipvs做到负载均衡(LVS+Keepalived),有此需求者可参考以往博文:http://lizhenliang.blog.51cto.com/7876557/1343734。另一个是通过自身健康检查、资源接管功能做高可用(双机热备),实现故障转移。

    以下内容主要针对Keepalived+MySQL双主实现双机热备为根据,主要讲解keepalived的状态转换通知功能,利用此功能可有效加强对MySQL数据库监控。此文不再讲述Keepalived+MySQL双主部署过程,有需求者可参考以往博文:http://lizhenliang.blog.51cto.com/7876557/1362313

    2、keepalived主要作用

    keepalived采用VRRP(virtual router redundancy protocol),虚拟路由冗余协议,以软件的形式实现服务器热备功能。通常情况下是将两台linux服务器组成一个热备组(master-backup),同一时间热备组内只有一台主服务器(master)提供服务,同时master会虚拟出一个共用IP地址(VIP),这个VIP只存在master上并对外提供服务。如果keepalived检测到master宕机或服务故障,备服务器(backup)会自动接管VIP成为master,keepalived并将master从热备组移除,当master恢复后,会自动加入到热备组,默认再抢占成为master,起到故障转移功能。

    3、工作在三层、四层和七层原理

    Layer3:工作在三层时,keepalived会定期向热备组中的服务器发送一个ICMP数据包,来判断某台服务器是否故障,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

    Layer4:工作在四层时,keepalived以TCP端口的状态判断服务器是否故障,比如检测mysql 3306端口,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

    示例:

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
       notification_email {
         example@163.com
       }
       notification_email_from  example@example.com
       smtp_server 127.0.0.1
       smtp_connect_timeout 30
       router_id MYSQL_HA
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth1
        virtual_router_id 50
        nopreempt                   #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
        priority 100                 #定义优先级,数字越大,优先级越高,在同一个vrrp_instance下,MASTER的优先级必须大于BACKUP的优先级
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            ahth_pass 123
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.1.200          #虚拟IP地址
        }
    }
    virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {        
        delay_loop 6
    #    lb_algo rr 
    #    lb_kind NAT
        persistence_timeout 50
        protocol TCP
        real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {       #监控本机3306端口
            weight 1
            notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_keepalived.sh   #检测3306端口为down状态就执行此脚本(只有keepalived关闭,VIP才漂移 ) 
            TCP_CHECK {         #健康状态检测方式,可针对业务需求调整(TTP_GET|SSL_GET|TCP_CHECK|SMTP_CHECK|MISC_CHECK)
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
            }
        }
    }
    

    Layer7:工作在七层时,keepalived根据用户设定的策略判断服务器上的程序是否正常运行,如果故障则将这台服务器从热备组移除。

    示例:

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
       notification_email {
         example@163.com
       }
       notification_email_from  example@example.com
       smtp_server 127.0.0.1
       smtp_connect_timeout 30
       router_id MYSQL_HA
    }
    vrrp_script check_nginx {
        script /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh    #检测脚本
        interval 2   #执行间隔时间
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth1
        virtual_router_id 50
        nopreempt                   #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            ahth_pass 123
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.1.200          #虚拟IP地址
        }
        track_script {          #在实例中引用脚本
            check_nginx
        }
    }
    

    脚本内容如下:

    # cat /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
    Count1=`netstat -antp |grep -v grep |grep nginx |wc -l`
    if [ $Count1 -eq 0 ]; then
        /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
        sleep 2
        Count2=`netstat -antp |grep -v grep |grep nginx |wc -l`
        if [ $Count2 -eq 0 ]; then
            service keepalived stop
        else
            exit 0
        fi 
    else
        exit 0
    fi
    
    

    4、健康状态检测方式

    4.1 HTTP服务状态检测

    HTTP_GET或SSL_GET {    
         url {
             path /index.html        #检测url,可写多个
             digest  24326582a86bee478bac72d5af25089e    #检测效验码
             #digest效验码获取方法:genhash -s IP -p 80 -u http://IP/index.html 
             status_code 200         #检测返回http状态码
         }
         connect_port 80 #连接端口
         connect_timeout 3  #连接超时时间
         nb_get_retry 3  #重试次数
         delay_before_retry 2 #连接间隔时间
      }
    

    4.2 TCP端口状态检测(使用TCP端口服务基本上都可以使用)

    TCP_CHECK {    
        connect_port 80     #健康检测端口,默认为real_server后跟端口
        connect_timeout 5
        nb_get_retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
    }
    

    4.3 邮件服务器SMTP检测

      SMTP_CHECK {            #健康检测邮件服务器smtp    
          host {
              connect_ip
              connect_port
          }
          connect_timeout 5
          retry 2
          delay_before_retry 3
          hello_name "mail.domain.com"
      }
    

    4.4 用户自定义脚本检测real_server服务状态

      MISC_CHECK {    
          misc_path /script.sh    #指定外部程序或脚本位置
          misc_timeout 3      #执行脚本超时时间
          !misc_dynamic       #不动态调整服务器权重(weight),如果启用将通过退出状态码动态调整real_server权重值
      }
    

    5、状态转换通知功能

    keepalived主配置邮件通知功能,默认当real_server宕机或者恢复时才会发出邮件。有时我们更想知道keepalived的主服务器故障切换后,VIP是否顺利漂移到备服务器,MySQL服务器是否正常?那写个监控脚本吧,可以,但没必要,因为keepalived具备状态检测功能,所以我们直接使用就行了。

    主配置默认邮件通知配置模板如下:
    global_defs # Block id
    {
    notification_email # To:
    {
    admin@example1.com
    ...
    }
    # From: from address that will be in header
    notification_email_from admin@example.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # IP
    smtp_connect_timeout 30 # integer, seconds
    router_id my_hostname # string identifying the machine,
    # (doesn't have to be hostname).
    enable_traps # enable SNMP traps
    }
    5.1 实例状态通知

      a) notify_master :节点变为master时执行
    
      b) notify_backup : 节点变为backup时执行
    
      c) notify_fault  : 节点变为故障时执行
    

    5.2 虚拟服务器检测通知

      a) notify_up   : 虚拟服务器up时执行
    
      b) notify_down  : 虚拟服务器down时执行
    

    示例:
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
    notification_email {
    example@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from example@example.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id MYSQL_HA
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 50
    nopreempt #当主down时,备接管,主恢复,不自动接管
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    ahth_pass 123
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.1.200
    }
    notify_master /etc/keepalived/to_master.sh
    notify_backup /etc/keepalived/to_backup.sh
    notify_fault /etc/keepalived/to_fault.sh
    }
    virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {
    delay_loop 6
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {
    weight 1
    notify_up /etc/keepalived/mysql_up.sh
    notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql_down.sh
    TCP_CHECK {
    connect_timeout 3
    nb_get_retry 3
    delay_before_retry 3
    }
    }
    }
    状态参数后可以是bash命令,也可以是shell脚本,内容根据自己需求定义,以上示例中所涉及状态脚本如下:

    1. 当服务器改变为主时执行此脚本

    cat to_master.sh

    !/bin/bash

    Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to master." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

    1. 当服务器改变为备时执行此脚本

    cat to_backup.sh

    !/bin/bash

    Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to backup." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

    1. 当服务器改变为故障时执行此脚本

    cat to_fault.sh

    !/bin/bash

    Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP change to fault." |mail -s "Master-Backup Change Status"Mail

    1. 当检测TCP端口3306为不可用时,执行此脚本,杀死keepalived,实现切换

    cat mysql_down.sh

    !/bin/bash

    Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" pkill keepalived echo "Date IP The mysql service failure,kill keepalived." |mail -s "Master-Backup MySQL Monitor"Mail

    1. 当检测TCP端口3306可用时,执行此脚本

    cat mysql_up.sh

    !/bin/bash

    Date=(date +%F" "%T) IP=(ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr" |cut -d":" -f2 |awk '{print 1}') Mail="baojingtongzhi@163.com" echo "Date IP The mysql service is recovery." |mail -s "Master-Backup MySQL Monitor"Mail

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