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Static Check with CPPLINT during

Static Check with CPPLINT during

作者: shyingsheng | 来源:发表于2019-04-29 15:17 被阅读0次

    以下分享一些实践的经验关于如何在code review里加入C++代码的静态检查。

    一. 什么是代码静态检查

    静态检查是指在不执行代码的情况下对其进行分析评估的过程,是软件质量和软件安全保障的重要一环。它通过词法分析、语义分析、控制流分析、数据流分析等技术对代码逐行解析暴露问题,从而协助我们将许多在运行时才会暴露的棘手麻烦扼杀于摇篮之中。

    二. C++代码静态检查工具

    Cpplint是一个依据Google's C++ style guide规范的对C/C++文件进行静态检查的命令行工具。在这里我们使用Cpplint工具对看图的C++代码进行静态检查。

    三. 配置步骤

    1. 配置Cpplint运行环境

    假设你的环境里已经安装过python了,支持python2和3。

    pip install cpplint

    安装完成后,可以直接用命令行进行检查了

    cpplint [Options] files

    也可以用以下命令获得更多cpplint的帮助

    cpplint --help

    2. 安装Jenkins Violation Comments to Gitlab插件

    在进行第二步之前,假设环境里已经有了Gitlab plugin, 并且做好了相应的配置。若没有,请参考我的另一篇文章GitLab Code Review进行配置

    3. Jenkins静态检查工程配置

    创建一个新freestyle的工程,在工程配置里,首页要把GitLab trigger打开,这样才会当一个GitLab Merge Request创建了之后,自动触发这个代码静态检查的工程,进行后续的代码审查确认

    执行cpplint步骤:在jenkins build step里增加"Execute shell"。以下是亲测比较有用的一些参数,检查的是src目录下(包括子目录)所有后缀名是.cpp和.h的文件。并且将结果输出到cpplint.xml中待后续步骤使用。

    另外增加|| exit 0,是因为cpplint执行返回的结果是非0,会导致Jenkins job结果失败

    cpplint.exe --extensions=cpp,h --recursive --filter=-whitespace/tab --linelength=120 src 2> cpplint.xml || exit 0

    cpplint.xml报告的格式如下:

    src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:0: No copyright message found. You should have a line: "Copyright [year] <Copyright Owner>" [legal/copyright] [5]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:14: Found C system header after other header. Should be: HttpRequest.h, c system, c++ system, other. [build/include_order] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:15: Found C++ system header after other header. Should be: HttpRequest.h, c system, c++ system, other. [build/include_order] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:16: Found C++ system header after other header. Should be: HttpRequest.h, c system, c++ system, other. [build/include_order] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:17: Found C system header after other header. Should be: HttpRequest.h, c system, c++ system, other. [build/include_order] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:18: Found C system header after other header. Should be: HttpRequest.h, c system, c++ system, other. [build/include_order] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:27: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:28: public: should be indented +1 space inside class HttpRequestUserData [whitespace/indent] [3]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:36: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:37: public: should be indented +1 space inside class HttpRequestTask [whitespace/indent] [3]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:38: Missing space before { [whitespace/braces] [5]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:39: Missing space before { [whitespace/braces] [5]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:45: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:56: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:57: Redundant blank line at the start of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [2]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:57: Redundant blank line at the end of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [3]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:60: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:61: Redundant blank line at the start of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [2]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:61: Redundant blank line at the end of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [3]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:80: At least two spaces is best between code and comments [whitespace/comments] [2]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:80: Use int16/int64/etc, rather than the C type long [runtime/int] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:89: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:96: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:97: Redundant blank line at the start of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [2]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:97: Redundant blank line at the end of a code block should be deleted. [whitespace/blank_line] [3]src\utility\http\HttpRequest.h:100: { should almost always be at the end of the previous line [whitespace/braces] [4]

    接下来在构建后步骤里添加"Report Violation to GitLab",按照截图进行配置。

    配置完成后,可以创建一个GitLab Merge Request来测试下。

    截取部分Jenkins build log比较有价值的信息:

    从上面的Jenkins build log里可以看出,cpplint是对src目录下做了全量检查,总共发现了15144个缺陷。GitLab Violation Comments to GitLab插件比对Merge Request改动的文件和改动的部分,只报告跟Merge Request里改动相关的缺陷。所以最终发现了一个ERROR级别的缺陷。

    打开GitLab 对应的Merge Request,就可以看到在Disucction里多一条跟violation相关的缺陷报告,并且GitLab也会给提交者发邮件提醒,开发人员可根据缺陷内容(文件/行数/缺陷内容)做相应的处理。

    这样可以提高代码的质量,将一些缺陷在Merge之前修改掉。

    3. 只检查Merge Request里改动的文件

    按照上面的步骤是对所有仓库里的后缀名是.cpp/.h的文件进行检查,进行的是全量检查。如果我们想把代码静态检查放在code review的流程里,那么我们就会想只需要对修改过的文件进行扫描就可以了。这样可以更加有效率,更有针对性。

    我是通过小段shell脚本做了处理:

    echo "gitlabMergeRequestLastCommit is $gitlabMergeRequestLastCommit" changeFileList=`git show --pretty="" --name-only $gitlabMergeRequestLastCommit`

    echo "Changed file list $changeFileList"

    for changeFile in $changeFileList

    do

        cpplint.exe --extensions=cpp,h --recursive  --linelength=120 $changeFile 2>> cpplint.xml || exit 0

    done


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