1.okHttp中的五大拦截器
- RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 链接重试与重定向拦截器
拦截器: RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor ，主要就是完成两件事情：重试与重定向
重试：
while (true) {
if (canceled) {
streamAllocation.release();
throw new IOException("Canceled");
}
Response response;
boolean releaseConnection = true;
try {
response = realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);
releaseConnection = false;
} catch (RouteException e) { //第一种 重试判断 路由异常
// The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
// 路由异常，连接未成功，请求还没发出去
if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), streamAllocation, false, request)) {
throw e.getFirstConnectException();
}
releaseConnection = false;
continue;
} catch (IOException e) { //第二种重试判断 IO异常
// An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
// 请求发出去了，但是和服务器通信失败了。(socket流正在读写数据的时候断开连接)
// HTTP2才会抛出ConnectionShutdownException。所以对于HTTP1 requestSendStarted一定是true
boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
if (!recover(e, streamAllocation, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
releaseConnection = false;
continue;
} finally {
// We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
if (releaseConnection) {
streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
streamAllocation.release();
}
}
从拦截器RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 的intercept方法中可以看到，开启一个死循环来发送请求，请求的退出条件是发生异常，通过两种异常RouteException和IOException来判断是否进行重试操作，判断是否重试，是通过recover方法来判断,如果返回true表示需要重试。
private boolean recover(IOException e, StreamAllocation streamAllocation,
boolean requestSendStarted, Request userRequest) {
streamAllocation.streamFailed(e);
// The application layer has forbidden retries.
//在配置OkhttpClient是设置了不允许重试（默认允许），则一旦发生请求失败就不再重试
if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) return false;
// We can't send the request body again.
// 如果是RouteException，不用管这个条件，
// 如果是IOException，由于requestSendStarted只在http2的io异常中可能为false，所以主要是第二个条件
if (requestSendStarted && userRequest.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) return false;
// This exception is fatal.
// 判断是不是属于重试的异常
if (!isRecoverable(e, requestSendStarted)) return false;
// No more routes to attempt.
//有没有可以用来连接的路由路线
if (!streamAllocation.hasMoreRoutes()) return false;
// For failure recovery, use the same route selector with a new connection.
return true;
}
isRecoverable方法实现
private boolean isRecoverable(IOException e, boolean requestSendStarted) {
// If there was a protocol problem, don't recover.
// 是否是协议异常
if (e instanceof ProtocolException) {
return false;
}
// If there was an interruption don't recover, but if there was a timeout connecting to a route
// we should try the next route (if there is one).
// 是否是超时异常 如果不是 不重试
if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
return e instanceof SocketTimeoutException && !requestSendStarted;
}
// Look for known client-side or negotiation errors that are unlikely to be fixed by trying
// again with a different route.
//是否属于ssl证书异常
if (e instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
// If the problem was a CertificateException from the X509TrustManager,
// do not retry.
if (e.getCause() instanceof CertificateException) {
return false;
}
}
//是否属于SSL授权异常
if (e instanceof SSLPeerUnverifiedException) {
// e.g. a certificate pinning error.
return false;
}
// An example of one we might want to retry with a different route is a problem connecting to a
// proxy and would manifest as a standard IOException. Unless it is one we know we should not
// retry, we return true and try a new route.
return true;
}
重定向
如果请求结束后没有发生异常并不代表当前获得的响应就是最终需要交给用户的，还需要进一步来判断是否需要重定向的判断。重定向的判断位于 followUpRequest 方法
private Request followUpRequest(Response userResponse, Route route) throws IOException {
if (userResponse == null) throw new IllegalStateException();
int responseCode = userResponse.code();
final String method = userResponse.request().method();
switch (responseCode) {
case HTTP_PROXY_AUTH:
Proxy selectedProxy = route != null
? route.proxy()
: client.proxy();
if (selectedProxy.type() != Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
throw new ProtocolException("Received HTTP_PROXY_AUTH (407) code while not using proxy");
}
return client.proxyAuthenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);
case HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED:
return client.authenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);
case HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT:
case HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT:
// "If the 307 or 308 status code is received in response to a request other than GET
// or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request"
if (!method.equals("GET") && !method.equals("HEAD")) {
return null;
}
// fall-through
case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE:
case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
case HTTP_SEE_OTHER:
// Does the client allow redirects?
if (!client.followRedirects()) return null;
String location = userResponse.header("Location");
if (location == null) return null;
HttpUrl url = userResponse.request().url().resolve(location);
// Don't follow redirects to unsupported protocols.
if (url == null) return null;
// If configured, don't follow redirects between SSL and non-SSL.
boolean sameScheme = url.scheme().equals(userResponse.request().url().scheme());
if (!sameScheme && !client.followSslRedirects()) return null;
// Most redirects don't include a request body.
Request.Builder requestBuilder = userResponse.request().newBuilder();
if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(method)) {
final boolean maintainBody = HttpMethod.redirectsWithBody(method);
if (HttpMethod.redirectsToGet(method)) {
requestBuilder.method("GET", null);
} else {
RequestBody requestBody = maintainBody ? userResponse.request().body() : null;
requestBuilder.method(method, requestBody);
}
if (!maintainBody) {
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Type");
}
}
// When redirecting across hosts, drop all authentication headers. This
// is potentially annoying to the application layer since they have no
// way to retain them.
if (!sameConnection(userResponse, url)) {
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization");
}
return requestBuilder.url(url).build();
case HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:
// 408's are rare in practice, but some servers like HAProxy use this response code. The
// spec says that we may repeat the request without modifications. Modern browsers also
// repeat the request (even non-idempotent ones.)
if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) {
// The application layer has directed us not to retry the request.
return null;
}
if (userResponse.request().body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {
return null;
}
if (userResponse.priorResponse() != null
&& userResponse.priorResponse().code() == HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT) {
// We attempted to retry and got another timeout. Give up.
return null;
}
if (retryAfter(userResponse, 0) > 0) {
return null;
}
return userResponse.request();
case HTTP_UNAVAILABLE:
if (userResponse.priorResponse() != null
&& userResponse.priorResponse().code() == HTTP_UNAVAILABLE) {
// We attempted to retry and got another timeout. Give up.
return null;
}
if (retryAfter(userResponse, Integer.MAX_VALUE) == 0) {
// specifically received an instruction to retry without delay
return userResponse.request();
}
return null;
default:
return null;
}
}
这里是对各种重定向状态码的判断，如果需要重定向，解析不同的状态码，封装新的请求对象，如果此方法返回空，那就表示不需要再重定向了，直接返回响应；但是如果返回非空，那就要重新请求返回的 Request ，但是需要注意的是，我们的 followup 在拦截器中定义的最大次数为20次。
if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) { //MAX_FOLLOW_UPS=20
streamAllocation.release();
throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount);
}
- BridgeInterceptor 桥接拦截器
BridgeInterceptor ，连接应用程序和服务器的桥梁，我们发出的请求将会经过它的处理才能发给服务器，比如设
置请求内容长度，编码，gzip压缩，cookie等，获取响应后保存Cookie等操作。
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request userRequest = chain.request();
Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();
RequestBody body = userRequest.body();
if (body != null) {
// 请求头Content-Type的处理
MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
if (contentType != null) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString());
}
// 请求头Content-Length的处理
long contentLength = body.contentLength();
if (contentLength != -1) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength));
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
} else {
requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
}
}
// 请求头Host的处理
if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false));
}
// 请求头Connection的处理
if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
}
// If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
// the transfer stream.
boolean transparentGzip = false;
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true;
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
}
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url());
if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
}
// 请求头User-Agent的处理
if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
}
Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());
// 对于响应数据的操作
// 1.处理cookie信息
HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers());
Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest);
//2.响应内容是否是需要zip解压缩
if (transparentGzip
&& "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"))
&& HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source());
Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
.removeAll("Content-Encoding")
.removeAll("Content-Length")
.build();
responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders);
String contentType = networkResponse.header("Content-Type");
responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(contentType, -1L, Okio.buffer(responseBody)));
}
return responseBuilder.build();
}
用户构建的 Request 进行添加或者删除相关头部信息，以转化成能够真正进行网络请求的 Request 将符合网络请求规范的Request交给下一个拦截器处理，并获取 Response 如果响应体经过了GZIP压缩，那就需要解压，再构建成用户可用的 Response 并返回。
- CacheInterceptor 缓存拦截器
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
//判断是否存在缓存
Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
? cache.get(chain.request())
: null;
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
//构建缓存策略类
CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;
//下面根据这两个条条件来判断是否采用缓存
if (cache != null) {
cache.trackResponse(strategy);
}
if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.
}
// If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
// 两者为null，直接返回504 请求失败
if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
return new Response.Builder()
.request(chain.request())
.protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
.code(504)
.message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
.body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
.sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
}
// If we don't need the network, we're done.
// 如果networkRequest为null,则返回缓存数据
if (networkRequest == null) {
return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.build();
}
Response networkResponse = null;
try {
networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
} finally {
// If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
}
}
// If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
//如果缓存不为空 并且网络响应体为304的话，说明资源没有更新 更新本地缓存时间
if (cacheResponse != null) {
if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
.sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
.receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
networkResponse.body().close();
// Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
// Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
cache.update(cacheResponse, response);
return response;
} else {
closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
}
}
Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
if (cache != null) {
if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {
// Offer this request to the cache.
CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response);
return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
}
if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {
try {
cache.remove(networkRequest);
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// The cache cannot be written.
}
}
}
return response;
}
1、如果从缓存获取的 Response 是null，那就需要使用网络请求获取响应；
2、如果是Https请求，但是又丢失了握手信息，那也不能使用缓存，需要进行网络请求；
3、如果判断响应码不能缓存且响应头有 no-store 标识，那就需要进行网络请求；
4、如果请求头有 no-cache 标识或者有 If-Modified-Since/If-None-Match ，那么需要进行网络请求；
5、如果响应头没有 no-cache 标识，且缓存时间没有超过极限时间，那么可以使用缓存，不需要进行网络请求；
6、如果缓存过期了，判断响应头是否设置 Etag/Last-Modified/Date ，没有那就直接使用网络请求否则需要考虑服务器返回304；并且，只要需要进行网络请求，请求头中就不能包含 only-if-cached ，否则框架直接返回504！
- ConnectInterceptor 连接拦截器
打开与目标服务器的连接，并执行下一个拦截器。
public final class ConnectInterceptor implements Interceptor {
public final OkHttpClient client;
public ConnectInterceptor(OkHttpClient client) {
this.client = client;
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
Request request = realChain.request();
StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation();
// We need the network to satisfy this request. Possibly for validating a conditional GET.
boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET");
HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, chain, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection();
return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
}
}
这个拦截器中的所有实现都是为了获得一份与目标服务器的连接，在这个连接上进行HTTP数据的收发。
- CallServerInterceptor 请求拦截器
CallServerInterceptor ，利用 HttpCodec 发出请求到服务器并且解析生成 Response 。首先调用 httpCodec.writeRequestHeaders(request); 将请求头写入到缓存中(直到调用 flushRequest() 才真正发送给服务器)。然后马上进行第一个逻辑判断：
Response.Builder responseBuilder = null;
if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) {
// If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100
// Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return
// what we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body.
if ("100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(request.header("Expect"))) {
httpCodec.flushRequest();
realChain.eventListener().responseHeadersStart(realChain.call());
responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(true);
}
if (responseBuilder == null) {
// Write the request body if the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation was met.
realChain.eventListener().requestBodyStart(realChain.call());
long contentLength = request.body().contentLength();
CountingSink requestBodyOut =
new CountingSink(httpCodec.createRequestBody(request, contentLength));
BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut);
request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody);
bufferedRequestBody.close();
realChain.eventListener()
.requestBodyEnd(realChain.call(), requestBodyOut.successfulCount);
} else if (!connection.isMultiplexed()) {
// If the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation wasn't met, prevent the HTTP/1 connection
// from being reused. Otherwise we're still obligated to transmit the request body to
// leave the connection in a consistent state.
streamAllocation.noNewStreams();
}
}
httpCodec.finishRequest();
整个if都和一个请求头有关： Expect: 100-continue 。这个请求头代表了在发送请求体之前需要和服务器确定是否愿意接受客户端发送的请求体。所以 permitsRequestBody 判断为是否会携带请求体的方式(POST)，如果命中if，则会先给服务器发起一次查询是否愿意接收请求体，这时候如果服务器愿意会响应100(没有响应体，responseBuilder 即为nul)。这时候才能够继续发送剩余请求数据。但是如果服务器不同意接受请求体，那么我们就需要标记该连接不能再被复用，调用 noNewStreams() 关闭相关的
Socket。
在这个拦截器中就是完成HTTP协议报文的封装与解析。
2.OkHttp总结
整个OkHttp功能的实现就在这五个默认的拦截器中，所以先理解拦截器模式的工作机制是先决条件。这五个拦截器分别为: 重试拦截器、桥接拦截器、缓存拦截器、连接拦截器、请求服务拦截器。每一个拦截器负责的工作不一样，就好像工厂流水线，最终经过这五道工序，就完成了最终的产品。但是与流水线不同的是，OkHttp中的拦截器每次发起请求都会在交给下一个拦截器之前干一些事情，在获得了结果之后又干一些事情。整个过程在请求向是顺序的，而响应向则是逆序。当用户发起一个请求后，会由任务分发起 Dispatcher 将请求包装并交给重试拦截器处理。
- 1.重试拦截器在交出(交给下一个拦截器)之前，负责判断用户是否取消了请求；在获得了结果之后，会根据响应码判断是否需要重定向，如果满足条件那么就会重启执行所有拦截器。
- 2.桥接拦截器在交出之前，负责将HTTP协议必备的请求头加入其中(如：Host)并添加一些默认的行为(如：GZIP压缩)；在获得了结果后，调用保存cookie接口并解析GZIP数据。
- 3.缓存拦截器顾名思义，交出之前读取并判断是否使用缓存；获得结果后判断是否缓存。
- 4.连接拦截器在交出之前，负责找到或者新建一个连接，并获得对应的socket流；在获得结果后不进行额外的处理。
- 5.请求服务器拦截器进行真正的与服务器的通信，向服务器发送数据，解析读取的响应数据。
在经过了这一系列的流程后，就完成了一次HTTP请求！
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