1. 表示位置和动作方向的前置词
表示位置的例证 | 只表示位置 | 表示位置和动作方向 | 只表示动作方向 | 表示动作方向的例证 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Your pen is on the table. | on | onto | The cat jumped on(或onto)the table. | |
off | We got off the bus. | |||
He's in the kitchen. It's in(或inside)the box. | in, inside | into | She came into the room. | |
I'll meet you outside the cinema. | outside | out of | She went out of the room. | |
It's under the table. | under | We sailed under the bridge. | ||
It's below the surface. | below | |||
It's above the surface. | above | |||
The picture is hanging over the fireplace. | over | The dog jumped over the fence. | ||
We stood round the piano. | round(或around) | We walked round the building. | ||
There was path through the weed. | through | The train went through the tunnel. | ||
Among the guests was a famous actress. | among | He wandered among the crowd. | ||
Cambridge is near London. | near | Don't go too near the edge. | ||
He hid behind the tree. | behind | The mouse ran behind the fridge. | ||
My car is parked in front of the hotel. | in front of | He ran straight in front of the car. | ||
past | He walked past me. | |||
along | It's nice to walk along the river. | |||
There was a police barricade across the road. | across | She ran across the road. | ||
up | We climbed up the mountain. | |||
down | He ran down the hill. | |||
She sat next to (或beside, by) me. We sat by the river. | next to (或beside, by) | |||
from | We've come from London. | |||
to | She went to Edinburgh. | |||
towards | He came towards me. | |||
The Post Office is opposite the hotel. | opposite | |||
He was leaning against the wall. | against | The wind is (blowing) against us. | ||
Royston is between London and Cambridge. | between | He came between us. | ||
He's waiting at the bus-stop. | at | The boy was throwing stones at window. |
2.有关旅行的前置词
(1) go,travel,drive等词常和 from 和 to 连用。例如:
We traveled from London to Edinburgh. (我们从伦敦旅行到爱丁堡。)
(2) 到达旅馆、机场、车站等的“到达”常用 arrive at 或 got to。例如:
I arrived at(或 got to ) hotel at 6:00。(我们在六点钟点抵达宾馆。)
(3) home 前不用前置词。例如:
We got (或 arrived,went)home at 6:00。(我们在六时到家。)
(4) arrive in 后跟大城市、国家等。 例如:
We arrived in London last Friday. (上星期五我们到达伦敦。)
The President arrived in China today. (总统今天到达中国。)
(5) by 或 on 表示旅行方式。例如:
We went by car (taxi; bus; train; plane; boat). (我们乘车[出租汽车;公共汽车;火车;飞机;船]去。)
He want on foot. (他走去的。)
(6) 与 get 连用表示上、下车(飞机、船等)的前置词。例如:
He got in (或 into)his car and drove off. (他钻进汽车后开走了。)
We got out of the taxi. (我们从出租汽车上下来。)
She got on (或 into) the bus (train; plane; boat). (她登上公共汽车[火车;飞机;船]。)
They got of the bus (train; plane; boat). ( 他们下了公共汽车[火车;飞机;船]。)
3.表示时间、日期的前置词
(1) at, an, in
① at 后跟时刻。例如:
at 9.00 (在九点鈡)
at midnight (在午夜)
at midday (或noon) (在中午)
at 也用于:
at night (在夜里)
at Christmas (在圣诞节)
② on 后面跟日。例如:
on Saturday (在星期六)
on June 12th. (在六月十二日)
on Christmas Day (在圣诞日)
on 也用于:
on the morning (afternoon; evening; night)of May 5th. (在五月五日的上午[下午;晚上;夜里])
③ in 后面跟“一段时间”。例如:
in the moening ( afternoon; evening) (在上午[下午;晚上])
in September (在九月)
in (the) summer (在夏天)
(2)at, by, till/untill
① at 意思是“在……时”,指确切的时间。例如:
Dinner will be served at 7.00. (在开点钟开饭。)
② by 的意思“在某时之前”或“在其时”。例如:
You mast be ready by 7.00. (你必须在七时前准备好。)
③ till/untill 意思是“直到……为止”。例如:
I'll be working till (或 untill )* 7.00. (我瘵一直工作到七点。)
(3) after
after 为前置词,而 afterwards 按规范用法则是副词。试比较:
After supper, we watched television. (晚饭后,我们看电视。)
We watched television afterwards. (后来我们看电视。)
(4) from 和 since
from 的意思是“从”, 而 since 是“从……以来”。试比较:
I worked from 9.00 a.m. to midday. (我从上午9地工作到中午。)
She's been in Shanghai since May 1st. (自5月1日以来她一直在上海。)
(5) since 和 for
since 与“一点时间”连用,for 与“一段时间”连用。试比较:
She's been talking on the phone since half-past seven. (从七点半她一直在通电话。)
She's been talking on the phone for half an hour. (她通了半个小时的电话。)
(6) for 和 during
① for 与“一段时间”连用,表示延续整个整个时间的动作。例如:
He lived Shanghai for five years. (他在上海住了五年。)
during 表示一段时间中某一点发生的动作。例如:
Someone phoned during the evening. (晚上,有人打电话。)
② during 也可与“一段时间”连用,表示延续整个时间的动作。例如:
during the war we lived in the countryside. (战争期间,我们住在农村。)
③ for 与表明的“一段时间”连用,含有“目的”的意味。 例如:
I hired a car for July. ( 我租了一辆汽车以备七月份使用。)
4. 前置词动词和短语动词
(1) 前置词动词和短语动词及其区别
① 前置动词=动词+前置词。例如:
He takes after his father. (他像他父亲。)
They called on the man. (他们探访了那个人。)
② 短语动词=动词+副词,动词和副词在这一结构中已凝为一体,表达习语性意义。例如:
He looked up the strange words in the dictionary. (他在词典里查到了那些生字。)
They called up the man. (他给那人看打以电话。)
③前置词动词和短语动词的区别
A. 前置动词中的前置词(不管其宾语是名词还是代词)位置固定,只能紧跟动词,不能位于宾语之后,因而只能说:
The burglar broke into my flat. (窃贼闯进了我的公寓。)
The burglar broke into it at 10.00 pm. (窃贼在准时十点钟闯入的。)
不能说:
The burglar broke my flat into.
The burglar broke it into it at 10.00 pm.
B. 动词短语的副词位置不固定,它可以位于宾语之前,也可以位于宾语之后。例如:
I rang up my aunt. (我打电话给姑妈。)
I rang my aunt up. (我打电话给姑妈。)
但若宾语由代词担任时,副词只能与动词分开位于句末,如果把上例的宾语改成代词,那就只有一种可能:
I rang her up. (我打电话给他。)
如果宾语较长,则副词紧跟动词,位于宾语之前。例如:
He looked up the words he didn't hnow. (他查了不识的字。)
(2) 不及物的动词短语:由动词加副词构成,不带宾语。例如:
The car has broken down. (那辆汽车抛锚了。)
We must carry on on foot. (我们得继续步行。)
The plane has now taken off. (飞机已起飞。)
Let's knock off mow. (我们瑞就歇工吧。)
(3) 短语前置词动词:某些短语与前置词结合构成短语前置词动词。例如:
We've run out off oil. (我们的汽油已用完了。
I'm fed up with his grumbling. (他的牢骚我已经听够了。)
这种动词的宾语,不管是名词还是代词,只能位于前置词之后。例如:
We've run out off oil(或 it) 。
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