hive三种方式区别和搭建
Hive中metastore（元数据存储）的三种方式：
a)内嵌Derby方式
b)Local方式
c)Remote方式
1.****本地模式****（****derby****）
这种方式是最简单的存储方式，只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
</configuration>
注：使用derby存储方式时，运行hive会在当前目录生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录。这种存储方式的弊端是在同一个目录下同时只能有一个hive客户端能使用数据库，否则会提示如下错误
[html] view plaincopyprint?
hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
2.单用户模式****（****mysql****）
这种存储方式需要在本地运行一个mysql服务器，并作如下配置（下面两种使用mysql的方式，需要将mysql的jar包拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下）。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>password</value>
</property>
</configuration>
附：
安装mysql
Yum install mysql-server -y
修改mysql权限：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
删除多余会对权限造成影响的数据 刷新权限
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
错误的原因： Hadoop**** jline版本和hive的jline不一致
3.多用户模式
1.Remote一体
这种存储方式需要在远端服务器运行一个mysql服务器，并且需要在Hive服务器启动meta服务。
这里用mysql的测试服务器，ip位192.168.1.214，新建hive_remote数据库，字符集位latine1
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>password</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>
</property>
</configuration>
注：这里把hive的服务端和客户端都放在同一台服务器上了。服务端和客户端可以拆开，
2.R****emot****e分开
将hive-site.xml配置文件拆为如下两部分
** 1）、服务端配置文件**
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
</property>
</configuration>
** 2）、客户端配置文件**
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://192.168.57.5:9083</value>
</property>
</configuration>
启动hive服务端程序
hive --service metastore
客户端直接使用hive命令即可
root@my188:~$ hive
Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt
hive> show tables;
OK
test_hive
Time taken: 0.736 seconds
hive>
客户端启动的时候要注意：
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
错误的原因： Hadoop**** jline版本和hive的jline不一致
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