问题
1、编译完成的类 能否对其添加变量/属性
2、运行时创建的类,能否对其添加变量/属性
备用的方法:
//添加一个nonatomic,copy 修饰符的NSString
void je_class_addProperty(Class targetClass , const char *propertyName){
objc_property_attribute_t type = { "T", [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"@\"%@\"",NSStringFromClass([NSString class])] UTF8String] }; //type
objc_property_attribute_t ownership0 = { "C", "" }; // C = copy
objc_property_attribute_t ownership = { "N", "" }; //N = nonatomic
objc_property_attribute_t backingivar = { "V", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@",[NSString stringWithCString:propertyName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]].UTF8String }; //variable name
objc_property_attribute_t attrs[] = {type, ownership0, ownership,backingivar};
class_addProperty(targetClass, propertyName, attrs, 4); // 4:attrs元素的个数
}
// 打印属性
void je_printerProperty(Class targetClass){
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(targetClass, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
fprintf(stdout, "%s %s\n", property_getName(property), property_getAttributes(property));
}
}
// 打印成员变量
void je_printerIvar(Class targetClass){
unsigned int count = 0;
Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList(targetClass, &count);
for (unsigned int i=0; i < count; i++) {
Ivar const ivar = ivars[i];
const char*cName = ivar_getName(ivar);
NSString *ivarName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:cName];
NSLog(@"ivarName:%@",ivarName);
}
free(ivars);
printf("ivar count = %u\n",count);
}
1、编译时
1.1 编译时:添加成员变量
不行
先来看看类的结构,类的成员变量存储在bits-> rw -> ro 中,也就是说,编译完成的类,成员变量是readonly(只读)属性。只能读取,不能更改,
所以不能动态去添加。
换个角度来说,类在编译完成之后,其结构是一个结构体,系统已经完成了对其空间大小的分配,你如果这个时候再去添加,根本就没有地方给你了,怎么添加呢?
我们来验证一下:
创建一个类,并对其添加一个成员变量,并打印/赋值
//创建一个JEPerson 类
@interface JEPerson : NSObject
@end
//在main中 添加_jeName的成员变量 对jeName赋值并打印
class_addIvar([JEPerson class], "_jeName", sizeof(NSString *), log2(sizeof(NSString *)), "@"); //添加一个_jeName的成员变量
// 打印成员变量
je_printerIvar([JEPerson class]);
JEPerson *person = [JEPerson alloc];
[person setValue:@"这是jeName的value" forKey:@"_jeName"]; //因为是动态添加,所以无法用点语法,用kvc的方式赋值
NSLog(@"%@",[person valueForKey:@"_jeName"]); //读取_jeName 并打印出来
// 打印结果
ivar count = 0
reason: '[<JEPerson 0x100736f60> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key _jeName.'
从打印结果来看,说明这个 _jeName 成员变量没有添加成功,所以ivar的count = 0 并且对_jeName 进行kvc赋值的时候,报了UndefinedKey 的错误
1.2 编译时:添加属性
可以
// 同样,在对一个已创建的类JEPerson进行操作
// 添加jeName 属性并打印
je_class_addProperty([JEPerson class], "jeName"); //添加属性
je_printerProperty([JEPerson class]); //打印属性
je_printerIvar([JEPerson class]); // 打印成员变量
// 打印结果
jeName T@"NSString",C,N,V_jeName //属性添加成功
ivar count = 0 //属性添加成功,但是没有自动添加相应的成员变量
从打印结果看,属性添加成功,只是没有自动添加一个待下划线的成员变量
通过控制台lldb来打印看看data()里面究竟有什么内容
(lldb) p [JEPerson class]
(Class) $0 = JEPerson
(lldb) x/5gx $0
0x100003210: 0x0000000100003238 0x0000000100333140
0x100003220: 0x000000010032d490 0x0000801000000000
0x100003230: 0x000000010195a784
//强转bits
(lldb) p (class_data_bits_t *)0x100003230
(class_data_bits_t *) $1 = 0x0000000100003230
(lldb) p $1->data()
(class_rw_t *) $2 = 0x000000010195a780
(lldb) p (class_ro_t *)$2->ro
(class_ro_t *) $3 = 0x00000001000030a0
//查看ro内容
(lldb) p *$3
(class_ro_t) $4 = {
flags = 128
instanceStart = 8
instanceSize = 8
reserved = 0
ivarLayout = 0x0000000000000000
name = 0x0000000100001f5b "JEPerson"
baseMethodList = 0x00000001000030e8
baseProtocols = 0x0000000000000000
ivars = 0x0000000000000000
weakIvarLayout = 0x0000000000000000
baseProperties = 0x0000000000000000
_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE = {}
}
// 查看rw内容
(lldb) p *$2
(class_rw_t) $6 = {
flags = 2148007936
version = 0
witness = 1
ro = 0x00000001000030a0
methods = {
list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x00000001000030e8
arrayAndFlag = 4294979816
}
}
}
properties = {
list_array_tt<property_t, property_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x000000010195a7c0
arrayAndFlag = 4321552320
}
}
}
protocols = {
list_array_tt<unsigned long, protocol_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
firstSubclass = nil
nextSiblingClass = NSUUID
demangledName = 0x0000000000000000
}
从控制台的打印开看,动态添加属性之后,在rw->properties
中有内容,而rw ->ro
中的ivars 、baseProperties
都没有内容
动态添加的属性是可行的,存储在rw中
2、运行时
2.1 运行时: 添加成员变量
可行
我们来验证一下:
动态创建一个类,并对其添加一个成员变量,并打印/赋值
Class student = objc_allocateClassPair([NSObject class], "JEStudent", 0);
// 2: 添加成员变量 1<<aligment
// ivar - ro - ivarlist
class_addIvar(student, "jeName", sizeof(NSString *), log2(sizeof(NSString *)), "@");
// 3: 注册到内存
objc_registerClassPair(student);
id person = [student alloc];
[person setValue:@"student value" forKey:@"jeName"];
NSLog(@"%@",[person valueForKey:@"jeName"]);
//打印结果
student value
从以上代码来看,
可以动态创建类并动态添加成员变量
️请注意
动态添加成员变量必须在类注册到内存之前(objc_registerClassPair 方法之前),原理和编译时不能添加成员变量是一样的
我们通过lldb打印的方式来看看具体rw、ro的结构
// ro的内容
(lldb) p *$3
(const class_ro_t) $4 = {
flags = 0
instanceStart = 8
instanceSize = 16
reserved = 0
ivarLayout = 0x000000010032d5a8 ""
name = 0x0000000100001f20 "JEStudent"
baseMethodList = 0x0000000000000000
baseProtocols = 0x0000000000000000
ivars = 0x0000000100634fa0
weakIvarLayout = 0x000000010032d5a8 ""
baseProperties = 0x0000000000000000
_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE = {}
}
// ro .ivars 的内容
(lldb) p $4.ivars
(const ivar_list_t *const) $5 = 0x0000000100634fa0
(lldb) p *$5
(const ivar_list_t) $6 = {
entsize_list_tt<ivar_t, ivar_list_t, 0> = {
entsizeAndFlags = 32
count = 1 //一个成员变量
first = {
offset = 0x000000010062a780
name = 0x0000000100001f2a "jeName" //成员变量为jeName
type = 0x0000000100001f31 "@"
alignment_raw = 3
size = 8
}
}
}
//rw的内容
(lldb) p *$2
(class_rw_t) $7 = {
flags = 2315255808
version = 0
witness = 0
ro = 0x0000000100634f00
methods = {
list_array_tt<method_t, method_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
properties = {
list_array_tt<property_t, property_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
protocols = {
list_array_tt<unsigned long, protocol_list_t> = {
= {
list = 0x0000000000000000
arrayAndFlag = 0
}
}
}
firstSubclass = nil
nextSiblingClass = NSUUID
demangledName = 0x0000000000000000
}
通过控制台 ,在ro里面打印出来了成员变量 jeName
2.2 运行时:添加属性
void je_Setter(NSString *value){
printf("%s/n",__func__);
}
NSString *je_Name(){
printf("%s/n",__func__);
return @"je_Name value";
}
//在main.h中
// 1、创建类
Class student = objc_allocateClassPair([NSObject class], "JEStudent", 0);
// 2、注册到内存
objc_registerClassPair(student);
// 3.1 添加property
je_class_addProperty(student, "subject");
// 3.2 打印属性
je_printerProperty(student);
// 3.3 添加setter + getter 方法
class_addMethod(student, @selector(setSubject:), (IMP)je_Setter, "v@:@");
class_addMethod(student, @selector(subject), (IMP)je_Name, "@@:");
id stu = [student alloc];
[stu setValue:@"student value" forKey:@"subject"];
NSLog(@"%@",[stu valueForKey:@"subject"]);
//objc_registerClassPair(student); 这行代码也可以写在这里
// 打印结果
subject T@"NSString",C,N,V_subject
je_Name value
从打印结果看,
可以动态创建类并动态添加属性
请注意️
添加的属性必须要实现其set、get方法才能正常进行赋值
,因为动态添加的属性,是在运行时,编译器没有为其自动生成set、get、成员变量
objc_registerClassPair(student);
可以写在最后面,也就是说,动态创建属性,可以在注册类之前,也可以在注册类之后
源码解释
为何无法在注册类之后、已编译的类 动态添加属性?
看class_addIvar()
的源码
BOOL
class_addIvar(Class cls, const char *name, size_t size,
uint8_t alignment, const char *type)
{
//.........
// Can only add ivars to in-construction classes.
//只能在构造类中 添加属性
if (!(cls->data()->flags & RW_CONSTRUCTING)) {
return NO;
}
// .......
return YES;
}
objc_registerClassPair
源码
void objc_registerClassPair(Class cls)
{
//.....
// 将cls和cls->isa 设置成 RW_CONSTRUCTING | RW_REALIZING
// Clear "under construction" bit, set "done constructing" bit
cls->ISA()->changeInfo(RW_CONSTRUCTED, RW_CONSTRUCTING | RW_REALIZING);
cls->changeInfo(RW_CONSTRUCTED, RW_CONSTRUCTING | RW_REALIZING);
// Add to named class table.
addNamedClass(cls, cls->data()->ro->name);
}
在class_addIvar
中 如果是RW_CONSTRUCTING 就不能添加,而在objc_registerClassPair
中 将 cls 、cls->isa 设置为RW_CONSTRUCTING 所以在注册类之后就无法添加成员变量
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