The Lord's Song（Bhagavad Gītā）
至尊神的圣歌（音译:巴格万吉塔；季羡林译:薄伽梵歌；国际通译:福音之歌）
1. Why should one study the Lord's song？
The Lord's song basically deals with the science of life and living sensibly in the world.It analyses the miseries of human life as traceable to the faulty understanding of the concept of "Dharma" and hence involvement in evil actions which usher in sorrow.
为什么要学习福音之歌?
福音之歌主要是关于生命的科学并能够活出生命的智慧。它分析了人类生活的苦难的根源，从中追索那些对“法”概念的错误理解的原因，从而避免卷入创造悲哀的业力行为。
2.Who is its author？
Bhagavan Vedayasa is its author.
谁是它的作者？
全知全能的维达亚萨是它的作者。(亦称Sage Vyasa,圣人维亚萨 ，季译:毗耶娑)
3.Who is Bhagavan Vedayasa？
Bhagavan Vedayasa is Lord sri Viṣṇu,Himself.He took this manifestation to educate humanity in the correct concept of "Dharma",so that it may observe the same,during its life in the world and work for liberation from the cycle of births and deaths.
谁是全知全能的维达亚萨？
全知全能的维达亚萨是至尊神维湿奴本人。他将在此显化教导人们获得正确的“法”概念，从而使人们能够在世上终其一生谨守遵行"法"，并因此获得生死轮回的解脱。
(注：Viṣṇu，维湿奴，季译:毗湿奴，其他称号有哈利（Hari）、幻惑天王、那罗延，佛教称为那罗延天或遍入天，印度教三相神之一，梵天主管“创造”、湿娲主掌“毁灭”，而维湿奴即是“维护”之神，印度教中被视为众生的保护之神，其性格温和，对信仰虔诚的信徒施予恩惠，且常化身成各种形象拯救危难的世界，印度人大多信仰湿娲和维湿奴，甚至说佛教的释迦佛也是维湿奴化身。在尼泊尔，尼泊尔国王也被认为是维湿奴化身。)
4.How did He knows as to what happened in the battle field?(Kuruksetra)
Since He is none other than,himself,He narrates what He in the form as Krsna told Arjuna in the battle field.
他怎么知道在战场上发生了什么事?(指古鲁舍德拉，距离新德里160公里的古战场)
因为他不是别人，就是他自己。他记录的形式，正如奎师那在战场上对阿如那所说的那样。
5.Is it ever possible to give a discourse,so long,in the battle field？
We should understand that the discourse giver is Lord Sri Krisna,who is referred to as Hrsikesa. He controls the activities of all ,at all times and hence it is not inconceivable that He could give the discourse as long as He desires. Humanity cannot act without His direction.
怎么可能在战场上讲了这么久呢?
我们应该明白，话语的给予者是至尊无上的主 克里希纳，他被称为克利希凯撒(Hrsikesa中 Hrsika的意思是根(源头), isa的意思 Lord，至尊神，上帝)。他在任何时候都控制着所有人的活动，因此，只要他愿意，他就可以发表演说，这并不是不可思议的。没有他的指引，人类无法行动。(这段话这样理解:因为至尊神的是一切的源头，只要他愿意，他的演说并存在时间的阻滞。也可以理解为克利希那的演说属于头脑中的灵光一现，头脑里的思想瞬息万变。)
6.If so ,Why did He not prevent the battle？
The Lord has given every opportunity to Duryodhana to live in peace with pandavas. But the greed of Duryodhana would not allow him even to part with a needle point of space for the Pandavas .And hence the option of war to contain evil was taken.
如果是这样,他为什么不阻止战争呢?
主给了岛妖达纳一切与潘达瓦五子和平相处的机会。但由于岛妖达纳的贪欲，他甚至不愿意给潘达瓦五子一块针大的地方，最终采取战争来遏制邪恶就不得不成为选择。
注: Duryodhana 意思是"非常努力地战斗"，季译:难敌，此处音译为岛妖达纳，是瞎子国王(Dhritarashtra 季译:持国)与皇后甘陀利(Gandhari)的长子，作为库鲁王国的太子居于首都哈斯蒂纳普(Hastinapur，季译:象城)与其他99个兄弟合称Kaurava族(考拉瓦族，季译:俱卢族)。
岛妖达纳向Drona展示他的军队
Pandavas，潘达瓦族是哈斯提纳布(Hastinapu，即现新德里南部的哈里亚纳邦Haryana)国王潘度(Pandu，季译:般度)和他的两个妻子昆提(Kunti，季译:贡蒂)和玛德里(Madri)的五个儿子。他们的名字是优狄斯帝剌、贝玛、阿如那、纳库拉、萨哈德瓦(Yudhishthira,Bhima,Arjuna,Nakula和Sahadeva，季译:坚战、怖军、阿周那、偕天和无种)，五兄弟娶了同一个女人德劳帕蒂(Draupadi，季译:黑公主)
般度五子与黑公主
7.Is not war evil？
Indiscriminate war is evil doubtless.But war to unhold "Ddarma" is not evil. It is necessary to establish orderliness in the Universe
不是说战争是邪恶的吗?
无端的战争无疑是罪恶的。但是，为了使“法”得到解脱的战争并不是邪恶的。在宇宙中建立秩序是必要的。
8.Why did Arjuna,who was fought many battles earlier suddenly refuse to fight？
It is because misplaced compassion entered in to him at the nick of time .He mistook that his annihilation of relatives who are wedded to evil,will land him in sin.
为什么早些时候已经进行了许多战斗的阿如那突然拒绝战斗?
这是因为他在最后一刻错误地生发了怜悯心，他误以为他对与邪恶媾和的亲戚的灭绝会使他陷入罪恶之中。
9.How do you say that killing is not sin.
Indiscriminate killing is doubtless sin ,but to contain evil is a duty. In that act ,if killing is necessary ,then such killing does not usher in sin.
你怎么说那场杀戮不是罪呢？
不分青红皂白的无端杀戮无疑是罪，但扼制邪恶则是一个责任。在那个状况下，如果杀戮是必须的，那么这场杀戮就不会导致罪孽。
10.What is Viṣāda?
It is misery born out of attachment .It causes confusion in the thought as to right and wrong.
韦萨达是什么?
它是因依恋而生的痛苦(沮丧)，它导致了人们在思想上的“对”与“错”的混乱(抑郁)。
注:Viṣāda在印度教中指绝望，代表了一种adhyatmika痛苦的精神状态，根据visnu-Purana 6.5.1-6所说,“智者研究了世间的三种痛苦，获得了真正的智慧，脱离了肉体的桎梏，就得到了最终的解脱。”这三种痛苦即adhyatmika、adhibhauika、adhidavika。
在佛教巴利文中，Viṣāda指的是沮丧、抑郁。
11.Who is an Ātatāyin？
An Ātatāyin is a murderer,who commits wilful crimes and holds society to ransom.
什么样的人是阿塔塔因(刺客)?
刺客是个谋杀者(包括煽动性行为、投毒、袭击、强盗、土豪劣绅、强奸他人妻子等)，他故意犯罪，并让社会付出代价。
12. How to deal with such people?
The scripture tells us that such people have to be dealt with summarily,for to vacillate in their case,would endanger,the well–being of society。
怎样与这样的人打交道？
圣经告诉我们，这样的人必须果断处理。不能因为他的具体情况而摇摆不定，这样会危及整个社会的福祉。
13 What was the doubt in the mind of Arjuna,which prevented him from engaging himself in the fight？
Arjuna desired the Lord to teach him as to how the killing of his relatives will ensure the happiness of pandavas.
阿如那心中有了什么疑惑，阻止他参加战斗？
阿如那希望主克利希那教导他，杀死他的亲戚们，怎么就确保了般度族的幸福。
14.What are the evil effects the war？
War lets loose misery alround .Too many people loose their lives and that will leave behind a number of dependents.It will also result in confusion in society.
战争的恶果是什么？
战争荼毒生灵，太多的人失去了生命，留下了许多需要被抚养的人，导致社会混乱。
15.What constitutes stability in society?
A well-knit family is the basic unit of the Nation.If the members of this family are deprived of the bread winner confusion will be the result.
怎样让社会和谐稳定？
家和万事兴，一个团结一致的家庭是组成国家的基本单位。如果这些家庭不再有生计上的困扰，社会就和谐稳定了。
16.What was really troubling Arjuna?
Arjuna has fought many wars in defence of "Dharma". but now he vacillates because the relatives are involved.In other words ,he projects an understanding that killing of evil relatives is a sin .That is the confusion.
什么是阿如那真正的烦恼？
阿诸那为了捍卫“法”而打过许多仗。但现在他动摇了，因为亲戚们也参与其中。换句话说，他表现出一种理解，杀死邪恶的亲戚是一种罪，这就是困惑
17.How did the Lord set about clearing the doubts of Arjuna?
Arjuna sat in the chariot willing to be killed by his opponents.The Lord explained to him that his action was unbecoming of a warrior ,who owesa duty to society,to protect it from evil persons.
18.What further objections did Arjuna raise?
Arjuna desired the Lord to explain to him ,how he would be justified in killing such venerable persons as Bhisma and Drona.
19.What was the Lord's explanation?
The Lord wanted Arjuna to banish his faint heartedness to start with and understand the position of scriptures clearly.
20.How does Arjuna approach the Lord for the answers?
Arjuna explains that he has confusion with respect to the correct understanding of dharma in such situations.And hence ,he pleads with the Lord to teach him the true position ,as a teacher would do ,for the sake of his disciple ,who has taken refuge in him.
21.What did the Lord do ?
The Lord smiled and acted to clear the position scripturally.
22.What was the explanation given?
The Lord xplained to Arjuna that wise people do not grieve for those about to die,as they do not grieve for those living.
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