mistake2

On the one hand their entire lives and careers are based on being in the spotlight（1.备受关注的）and on adoration[ˌæd.ə'reɪ.ʃən] from their enthusiastic devotees（2.热心崇拜者）. On the other hand, like every other individual, they also long for（3.渴望）keeping themselves away from prying eyes（4.避开那些窥视的目光）.

devotee

[ˌdev.ə'ti:] noun countable

■a person who strongly admires a particular person or is extremely interested in a subject （狂热的）崇拜者，爱好者

•He is a great devotee of the Prime Minister.他是首相的狂热崇拜者。

•devotees of cricket板球爱好者

making sure those in power behave appropriately and drawing attention to（2.使人们关注某事）issues that are in the public interest（3.涉及公众利益）

如果不能接触到国内外时事报道，人们就会处于一种几乎是完全无知的状态

Without access to reporting of domestic and international events, people would be in a state of（2.处于一种……的状态）almost complete ignorance , relying solely on word of mouth（4.口口相传）to find out what is happening outside their own life.

She says the secret to their success was a word-of-mouth reputation which all began on the internet.

When people are bombarded with（1.被……轰炸） stories of murders and other serious crimes on a routine basis（2.经常）, it is natural that they feel these events are commonplace, even if statistically（3.在统计上）they are highly uncommon. This can lead to paranoia（4.多疑）, pessimism and a general lack of trust in society.

3.在统计上statistically:

• The difference between the two samples was not statistically significant.

4.多疑paranoia:

UK [ˌpær.ə'nɔɪ.ə] US [ˌper-] noun

countable or uncountable

■an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you 疑神疑鬼，多疑

•There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.现在人们十分多疑，总是害怕会有犯罪发生。

By making test results widely known and heaping praise on（1.大肆赞扬）the most successful students, it is possible to tap into（2.激发）a child's competitive instinct and ensure that they study hard. Although keeping test results secret and downplaying（3.淡化）their importance certainly goes a long way towards（4.对……有很大帮助）reducing the pressure many students feel, it also dilutes the satisfaction of the most successful students and reduces the incentive to try hard.

1.大肆赞扬heaping praise on:

[hi:p] verb transitive + adverb or preposition

Phrasal Verbs heap sth on sb

■to give someone a lot of praise/criticism, etc 对（某人）大加（赞扬、批评等）

•He deals well with all the criticism heaped on him.对于针对他的一大堆批评，他应对得很好。

激发tap into:

3. ~ (into) sth to make use of a source of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists

• 利用,开发,发掘(已有的资源、知识等):

[VN]

»We need to tap the expertise of the people we already have.

我们需要利用我们现有人员的专业知识。

[V]»The movie seems to tap into a general sentimentality about animals.

这部电影似乎在激发人们对动物的普遍怜惜之情。

3.淡化downplaying: under∙state /

verb [VN]

• to state that sth is smaller, less important or less serious than it really is

• 轻描淡写；避重就轻地说:

»It would be a mistake to understate the seriousness of the problem.

对问题的严重性轻描淡写是错误的。

4.对……有很大帮助goes a long way towards:

go a long/some way towards doing sth idiom

to help very much/a little in achieving sth

• The new law goes a long way towards solving the problem.

其它:

relieve/ease to make pain or feelings less unpleasant: The drug is used to relieve pain. | A joke can help to ease the tension.

alleviate formal to reduce pain or suffering, or make a problem less serious: You can buy various medicines to alleviate the symptoms of flu. | The new road was supposed to alleviate the congestion problem.

Delute

2. to make sth weaker or less effective

•削弱；降低；使降低效果

【SYN】water down:

»Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive.

大班上课会降低孩子所受教育的质量。

di∙lu∙tion

»the dilution of sewage

污水的稀释处理

»This is a serious dilution of their election promises.

这是对他们竞选时许下的诺言大打折扣。

If children are always shielded from（1.被保护不受……的伤害）the feeling of failure,whether it be（2.不管）in the classroom, sports field or elsewhere, then it is hardly the ideal preparation for adult life. The modern job market is highly competitive and there is little room for（3.……很难有容身之地） those who struggle to deal with setbacks.

1.被保护不受……的伤害shielded from:

[搭配]ADV.partially, partly 部份遮挡carefully  小心保护:He carefully shielded the flame with his cupped hand. 他一手握成杯状，小心地护住火苗。

[搭配]VERB + SHIELDtry to  力图保护:trying to shield the children from the full horrors of the war 力图不让孩子感受到战争有多恐怖

[搭配]PREP.against 挡开:She raised her hand to shield her eyes against the sun. 她举起手遮住眼睛避开阳光。from

保护使免受… 影响:new laws to shield companiesfromforeign competition 保护企业免与外国企业竞争的新法律

通晓历史对于任何想认识世界的人来说都非常有必要，而且通晓历史还有助于创造一个见多识广且拥有全球意识的人口。很少有科目能有这么广阔的影响。

A good understanding of（1.通晓） history is essential for anyone wishing to understand the world around them and it can help create a populace that is more informed（2.见多识广）and globally aware（3.拥有全球意识）. Few subjects have such a broad influence.

2.见多识广informed:

■having a lot of knowledge or information about something 见多识广的；了解情况的

•an informed choice/opinion有根据的选择／观点

•The school promised to keep parents informed about the situation.该学校保证让家长了解有关情况。

•Elizabeth is remarkably well -informed.伊莉莎白见多识广。

politically 政治消息灵通:a politically informed public 政治消息灵通的公众theoretically

有理论知识的:theoretically informed research 理论水平高的研究[搭配]PREP.about

对… 了解:They were poorly informed about their rights. 他们对自己的权利知之甚少。of

了解…:We will keep you informed of any developments. 有任何动态我们都会随时通知你。on

对…了解:Keep me informed on progress. 随时通知我进展情况。

Modern technology and entertainment is often labelled as a culprit for（1.造成……的元凶）children's declining attention spans. After children go home from school they have a huge selection of（2.种类繁多的）television to watch and computer games to play. School inevitably seems dull in comparison（3.相比之下）. Furthermore,now that（4.既然）most children own smart phones, this kind of stimulation is available at all times, even when in class.

■a choice, range, or different types of something 可供挑选的东西

•Most schools would have a good selection of these books in their libraries.大多数学校的图书馆都有许多这样的书供选择。

•The larger shops are able to stock a wider selection of goods.大一点的商店可供挑选的产品种类会更多。

3.相比之下in comparison:

One problem with the media's keen interest in celebrities is that it diverts people's attention from more important issues. Except in countries in which the media are tightly regulated, celebrity stories often receive disproportionate news coverage. Even though it is still easy to obtain more significant news, many people are allured by celebrity stories. As a result, they do not get a full picture of societal issues, such as those relating to healthcare, education and the environment.

媒体对名人强烈的兴趣所带来的一个问题是它转移了读者的注意力，使得他们无法关注更加重要的事情。除了在一些媒体被严格管控的国家，名人的故事经常占据大量新闻版面。即使很容易获得更有意义的新闻，许多人还是被名人的故事所吸引。结果，人们没能对社会问题有一个全面的了解，比如涉及到医疗、教育和环保的问题等。

企业有时会不遗余力地增加曝光度Businesses sometimes go to great lengths to gain publicity

3.不加约束的名人崇拜unbridled celebrity worship:

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[ʌn'braɪ.dld] adjective [usually before noun]

■not controlled or limited 不受控制的；无限的

•unbridled ambition/enthusiasm/lust无限的野心／热情／激情

unstrained

adj not resulting from undue effort; not forced

his playing is facile and unstrained

Synonyms:unforced effortless

requiring or apparently requiring no effort

2

adj not placed under psychological stress

the campaign would not leave party loyalties unstrained

Synonyms

relaxed

without strain or anxiety

unrestrained

If you describe someone's behaviour as unrestrained, you mean that it is extreme or intense, for example because they are expressing their feelings strongly or loudly.

There was unrestrained joy on the faces of the people.

His campaign has been unrestrained and often vulgar.

4.

尽管对富人和名人感兴趣是种乐趣而且没有什么危害，然而不加约束的名人崇拜可能会使人走入危险的境地。

Althoughtaking an interestinthe rich and famousmay be fun and harmless,unbridled celebrity worshipcan bea slippery slope.

人类天生就对周围发生的事情感到好奇，对于犯罪尤其如此。对很多人来说，犯罪虽然可怕，但同样能引起他们的兴趣。正因为如此，报纸和电视新闻简报上充满了对于犯罪的报道。

It is human nature to be curious about the events that happen around us.When it comes to crime, this is especially so. For many, although crime is something to be feared, it is also something that draws their interest, and therefore newspapers and television news bulletins are full of reports of crime.

无论这些名人去了哪里。他们希望可以抓拍到（名人）羞辱性的照片，或者得到耸人听闻的故事。

In countries that have free media, the press is allowed to cover virtually any story that they believe is newsworthyor simply profitable. The result is that many reporters spend much of their time stalking celebrities wherever they go, in the hope of snapping a humiliating photo or obtaining a sensationalist story.

sensationalist[ADJ-GRADED]disapproval

Sensationalistnews reports and television and radio programmes present the facts in a way that makes them seem worse or more shocking than they really are.

...sensationalist headlines...

The pictures were sensationalist and could seriously disturb younger readers.

.

尽管犯罪报道有时候会导致一些问题，但这并不意味着媒体应该受到严格管控。在多数情况下，人们有权知道他们身边正在发生着什么。如果在某一特定的区域存在大量的谋杀，而罪犯又在逃的话，告知该区域居民的必要性应该大于其他任何顾虑。

Although the reporting of crime can sometimes lead to certain problems, this does not mean that the media should be subject to strict controls. In most cases, people have the right to know what is going on around them. If there was a spate of murders in one particular area and the perpetrator remained at large, the need to inform those living in that area should be placed above any other concerns.

.

因为我们正处于在机器学习上取得突破的边缘，人们对于机器翻译是否会终结传统翻译业务有很多讨论。

As we are on the brink of breakthroughs in machine learning,there is much talk about whether machine translation will spell the end of traditional translation businesses.

do without

点评：表达不准确，cannot live  without something是指“离开了某事物就无法生存”。

1.PHRASAL  VERB短语动词没有…也行，没有…而设法对付过去If youdo withoutsomething  you need, want, or usually have, you are able to survive, continue, or  succeed although you do not have it.

【语法信息】：V P n

【语法信息】：V P

•We can'tdo  withoutthe help of your  organisation...我们不能没有你们机构的帮助。

•We've had a bit more money and that, and the baby doesn'tdo without.我们还有一点钱什么的，婴儿没有这些不行。

外刊例句：

Like other airline chiefs, Qatar Airways’ boss, Akbar Al  Baker, complains of GDSs’ slowness in updating their systems to cope with all  these options, but he admits that theycannot  do withoutthe GDSs because they provide such a big share of their  reservations.（www.economist.com）

卡塔尔航空总裁贝克尔和其他航空公司老板一样，抱怨全球分销系统（GDS）更新其用于处理这些买卖优先权的系统太缓慢了，不过他也承认他们无法不依靠该系统，因为他提供了大量订单。

2- there is much talk about

注意这里talk是不可数名词。

词典释义：

talk

3. used as an uncountable noun

If there is talk about something, people are  discussing it.

There was a lot of talk about me  getting married.

■rumour, gossip, or speculation

  谣言，说法

  there is talk of an armistice.

  有休战的传言。

Hearsay, rumor, or speculation:

传闻、谣言或猜测：

There is talk of  bankruptcy.

有传闻说要破产

4.新闻媒体之所以重要只是因为我们离不开它。在信息时代，保持消息灵通是很重要的，而新闻媒体在这点上扮演着无可替代的角色。

The news media is important simply because wecannot do without（1.离不开）it. In the information age, beingwell informed（2.消息灵通的）is crucial and the news media plays anindispensable（3.无可替代） role in this.

（1）irreplaceable

点评：irreplaceable含义是valuable or rare and impossible to replace if used, lost, or  destroyed，它一般指艺术品因为太贵贵重而无可替代，例如：Works of art were  lost, many of them irreplaceable.很多艺术品丢失了，其中很多都是独一无二的。Irreplaceable用在这里指新闻媒体不太恰当。

（2）unsubstituted

点评：unsubstituted含义是“未被取代的”，而不是“不可取代的”。

（3）unchanged

点评：用词不准确，unchanged含义是“没有变化的”。

ancient/historic monument

■an old building or place which is an important part of a country's history历史遗迹，遗址，名胜古迹

•Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments.当局允许把柏林围墙的一部分保留下来，作为历史遗迹。

4.停滞不前stagnate:

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UK [stæg'neɪt] US ['stæg.neɪt] verb intransitive

■to stay the same and not grow or develop 停滞不前；不发展

•The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating after 15 years of tremendous growth.电子产业在经过15年的飞速发展之后出现了停滞不前的迹象。

■to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall 摇晃；蹒跚；踉踉跄跄地走

•After he was attacked, he managed to stagger to the phone and call for help.他遇袭后，跌跌撞撞地走到电话旁打电话求救。

•figurative The company is staggering under a $15 million debt and will almost certainly collapse by the end of the year.公司背负着1500万美元的债务，举步维艰，年底前几乎肯定要倒闭。