23.图形交互tkinter--menu

作者: DonkeyJason | 来源:发表于2018-09-06 15:03 被阅读0次

环境python3.x 3.x之后tkinter自带，jupyter notebook/pycharm

最简单的菜单实例

显示两个菜单窗口，hello，quit，点击hello时打印你好，点击quit时推出程序，直接上代码。

from tkinter import *

root =Tk()


def callback():
    print("你好！")


menubar =Menu(root)#创建菜单
menubar.add_command(label ="hello", command =callback)#创建menu菜单显示及点击后返回命令command函数指定
menubar.add_command(label ="quit", command =root.quit)#root.quit是退出tkinter环境，当想退出图形交互窗口时用。

root.config(menu = menubar)



mainloop()

执行情况：

menu1

实例2--鼠标右键弹出菜单，直接上代码。

from tkinter import *

root =Tk()


def callback():
    print("你好！")


menubar =Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label ="hello", command =callback)
menubar.add_command(label ="quit", command =root.quit)

frame =Frame(root, width =512, height =512)#tkinter中运用Frame来设定图形交互界面尺寸大小
frame.pack()

def popup(event):
    menubar.post(event.x_root,event.y_root)


frame.bind("<Button-3>",popup)#运用bind()将函数popup与鼠标右键绑定

mainloop()

执行情况：点击右键时出现菜单,点击分割线显示独立窗口。

menu2

到这里，你将可以做出这样的界面了。

menu3

实现菜单内套菜单不在是梦，你也可以做自己的小软件了。

menu4

代码如下：

from tkinter import *
import os.path

try:
    from ttk import Button, Scrollbar
except ImportError:
    pass

root =Tk()
root.title('EditSave')


e =Entry(root)            #输入框赋值在e变量
e.pack(padx=5,pady=5)
e.delete(0,END)
e.insert(0,"默认文本...") #插入序号为0，后为字符串

def show():
    print("open：%s"%e.get())

def dele():
    e.delete(0,END)

theButton1 = Button(root, text ="Open", width =10,command =show)
theButton2 = Button(root, text ="Cancl",width =10,command =dele)

theButton1.pack(padx=0,pady =0)
theButton2.pack(padx=0,pady =0)



sb =Scrollbar(root)
sb.pack(side =RIGHT,fill =Y)

#text
text =Text(root, width =100, height =50,yscrollcommand =sb.set)
text.pack(side =LEFT, fill =BOTH)
def popup(event):
    menubar.post(event.x_root,event.y_root)
    
text.bind("<Button-3>",popup)
sb.config(command =text.yview)

def __open():
    pass 

def callback():
    pass 

def __save():
    pass


def Newfile():
    root =Tk()

text =Text(root, width =100, height =50)
text.pack()

menubar =Menu(root, bg='purple')
#File
filemenu =Menu(menubar)
filemenu.add_command(label ="New file  Ctrl+N", command =Newfile)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open  Ctrl+O", command =__open)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open Module  Ctrl+M", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Recent file", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Class Broser  Alt+C", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Path Broser", command =callback)

filemenu.add_separator()#分割线
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save  Ctrl+S", command =__save)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save As  Ctrl+Shift+S", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save Copy As  Alt+Shift+S", command =callback)

filemenu.add_separator()#分割线
filemenu.add_command(label ="Close  Alt+F4", command =root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="File", menu = filemenu)#cascade菜单


#Edit
editmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Cut", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Copy", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Past", command =callback)

editmenu.add_separator()#分割线
editmenu.add_command(label ="Undo", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Redo", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Edit", menu = editmenu)#cascade菜单


#Format
formatmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Indent Region", command =callback)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Dedent Region", command =callback)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Comment Out Region", command =callback)

formatmenu.add_separator()#分割线
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Strio Trailing Whitespace", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Format", menu = formatmenu)#cascade菜单


#Run
runmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
runmenu.add_command(label ="Python shell", command =callback)


runmenu.add_separator()#分割线
runmenu.add_command(label ="Check Modle", command =callback)
runmenu.add_command(label ="Run Modle", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Run", menu = runmenu)#cascade菜单

#Options
optionsmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
optionsmenu.add_command(label ="Configure IDLE", command =callback)


optionsmenu.add_separator()#分割线
optionsmenu.add_command(label ="Code Context", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Optionsmenu", menu = optionsmenu)#cascade菜单


#Window
windowmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
windowmenu.add_command(label ="Zoom Height", command =callback)


windowmenu.add_separator()#分割线
windowmenu.add_command(label ="*Python 3.5.2 shell*", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Window", menu = windowmenu)#cascade菜单

#Help
helpmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="About IDLE", command =callback)

helpmenu.add_separator()#分割线
helpmenu.add_command(label ="IDLE HELP", command =callback)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="Python dcos", command =callback)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="Turle Demo", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Help", menu = helpmenu)#cascade菜单


root.config(menu = menubar)
mainloop()



menubar =Menu(root,bg="red")
#File
filemenu =Menu(menubar)
filemenu.add_command(label ="New file  Ctrl+N", command =Newfile)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open  Ctrl+O", command =__open)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open Module  Ctrl+M", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Recent file", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="open", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Class Broser  Alt+C", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Path Broser", command =callback)

filemenu.add_separator()#分割线
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save  Ctrl+S", command =__save)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save As  Ctrl+Shift+S", command =callback)
filemenu.add_command(label ="Save Copy As  Alt+Shift+S", command =callback)

filemenu.add_separator()#分割线
filemenu.add_command(label ="Close  Alt+F4", command =root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="File", menu = filemenu)#cascade菜单


#Edit
editmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Cut", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Copy", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Past", command =callback)

editmenu.add_separator()#分割线
editmenu.add_command(label ="Undo", command =callback)
editmenu.add_command(label ="Redo", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Edit", menu = editmenu)#cascade菜单

#Format
formatmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Indent Region", command =callback)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Dedent Region", command =callback)
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Comment Out Region", command =callback)

formatmenu.add_separator()#分割线
formatmenu.add_command(label ="Strio Trailing Whitespace", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Format", menu = formatmenu)#cascade菜单


#Run
runmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
runmenu.add_command(label ="Python shell", command =callback)


runmenu.add_separator()#分割线
runmenu.add_command(label ="Check Modle", command =callback)
runmenu.add_command(label ="Run Modle", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Run", menu = runmenu)#cascade菜单

#Options
optionsmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
optionsmenu.add_command(label ="Configure IDLE", command =callback)


optionsmenu.add_separator()#分割线
optionsmenu.add_command(label ="Code Context", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Optionsmenu", menu =     optionsmenu)#cascade菜单


#Window
windowmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
windowmenu.add_command(label ="Zoom Height", command =callback)


windowmenu.add_separator()#分割线
windowmenu.add_command(label ="*Python 3.5.2 shell*", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Window", menu = windowmenu)#cascade    菜单


#Help
helpmenu =Menu(menubar,tearoff =False)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="About IDLE", command =callback)

helpmenu.add_separator()#分割线
helpmenu.add_command(label ="IDLE HELP", command =callback)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="Python dcos", command =callback)
helpmenu.add_command(label ="Turle Demo", command =callback)
menubar.add_cascade(label ="Help", menu = helpmenu)#cascade菜单





  root.config(menu = menubar)



  mainloop()

menuButton实例，当你要设置一个按钮，并将菜单赋予这个按钮，那么久要用到menubutton方法了，代码如下：

from tkinter import *

root =Tk()
root.title("Menubutton")


def callback():
    print("你好！")


mb =Menubutton(root, text="点我", relief =RAISED)
mb.pack()


openVar = IntVar()
saveVar = IntVar()
quitVar = IntVar()


filemenu = Menu(mb,tearoff =True)
filemenu.add_checkbutton(label ="Open", command =callback,variable =openVar)
filemenu.add_checkbutton(label ="Save", command =callback,variable =saveVar)
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_checkbutton(label ="Quit", command =callback,variable =quitVar)


mb.config(menu =filemenu)

mainloop()

menu5

如有不当之处望不吝指出，在此由衷感谢，望共同学习，也希望我的写作能帮到更多喜欢python编程的新人，谢谢！

23.图形交互tkinter--menu

最简单的菜单实例

实例2--鼠标右键弹出菜单，直接上代码。

到这里，你将可以做出这样的界面了。

menuButton实例，当你要设置一个按钮，并将菜单赋予这个按钮，那么久要用到menubutton方法了，代码如下：

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