UITable

作者: yz_wang | 来源:发表于2016-12-08 15:46 被阅读0次

1. 基本概念

UITableView有两种风格:UITableViewStylePlain(非分组)和UITableViewStyleGrouped(分组)。这两者操作起来其实并没有本质区别,只是后者按分组样式显示前者按照普通样式显示而已。大家先看一下两者的应用:

  • 不分组样式:
  • 分组样式:


大家可以看到在UITableView中数据只有行的概念,并没有列的概念,因为在手机操作系统中显示多列是不利于操作的。
UITableView中每行数据都是一个UITableViewCell,在这个控件中为了显示更多的信息,iOS已经在其内部设置好了多个子控件以供开发者使用。如果我们查看UITableViewCell的声明文件可以发现在内部有

  • 一个UIView控件 contentView,作为其他元素的父控件
  • 两个UILable控件textLabel、detailTextLabel
  • 一个UIImage控件imageView

分别用于容器、显示内容、详情和图片。使用效果类似于微信、QQ信息列表:

代理及协议函数:

2. UITableView基础

在ViewController.h中设置代理和定义成员变量:

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #703daa}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s4 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s6 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s7 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}

@interface ViewController : UIViewController
<
//数据视图的数据代理协议
UITableViewDataSource,
//数据视图的普通协议
UITableViewDelegate
>

{
    //数据视图对象
    //用来显示大量相同格式的信息的视图
    //eg 电话通讯录 qq好友 朋友圈信息
    UITableView* _tableView;
}

在ViewController.m中创建数据视图对象:

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #3d1d81}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #4f8187}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s4 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s5 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s6 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s8 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    
    
    //创建数据视图-分组视图
    _tableView=[[UITableView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
    
    
    //设置数据视图的代理对象
    _tableView.delegate=self;
    _tableView.dataSource=self;
    
    [self.view addSubview:_tableView];
}

运行一下程序崩溃,看一下代理协议内部:

有两个required的函数,是必须实现的,不然会出现程序崩溃。

所以添加函数:

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #3d1d81}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}span.s1 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #272ad8}span.s6 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s8 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s9 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s10 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81}span.s11 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}

//获取每组元素的个数
//P1 数据视图对象本身
//P2 那一组需要的行数
-(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    return 5;
}

//设置数据视图的组数
-(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView
{
    return 3;
}

//创建单元格对象函数
-(UITableViewCell*)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    NSString* cellStr=@"cell";
    
    UITableViewCell* cell=[_tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellStr];
    
    if (cell==nil) {
        //P1 单元格样式
        //P2 单元格的复用标记
        cell=[[UITableViewCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellStr];
    }
    
    //indexPath索引,显示组数和行数
    NSString* str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld group,%ld row",indexPath.section, indexPath.row];
    
    cell.textLabel.text=str;
    
    return cell;
}

运行效果:

屏幕快照 2016-12-08 下午3.01.39.png

3. UITableView代理协议

这次先创建一个分组数据视图,A-Z每个字母分一组,每组五个元素:
头文件中:

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #703daa}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s6 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s8 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}

//  ViewController.h
//  UITable
//
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface ViewController : UIViewController
<
//数据视图的数据代理协议
UITableViewDataSource,
//数据视图的普通协议
UITableViewDelegate
>

{
    //数据视图对象
    //用来显示大量相同格式的信息的视图
    //eg 电话通讯录 qq好友 朋友圈信息
    UITableView* _tableView;
    
    //声明一个数据源
    NSMutableArray* _arrayData;
}

@end

.m文件:

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #4f8187}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #3d1d81}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p8 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p9 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #703daa}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s5 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s6 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s8 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s9 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81}span.s10 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #272ad8}span.s11 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}span.s12 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s13 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    
    
    //创建数据视图-分组视图
    _tableView=[[UITableView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
    
    
    //设置数据视图的代理对象
    _tableView.delegate=self;
    _tableView.dataSource=self;
    
    
    [self.view addSubview:_tableView];
    
    
    //创建一个可变数组对象
    _arrayData=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    
    
    for (int i='A'; i<='Z'; i++) {
        NSMutableArray* arraySmall=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
        for (int j=1; j<=5; j++) {
            NSString* str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c%d",i,j];
            [arraySmall addObject:str];
        }
        //生成一个二维数组
        [_arrayData addObject:arraySmall];
    }
    
}

//获取每组元素的个数
//P1 数据视图对象本身
//P2 那一组需要的行数
-(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    NSInteger numRow=[[_arrayData objectAtIndex:section]count];
    return numRow;
}

//设置数据视图的组数
-(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView
{
    return _arrayData.count;
}

//创建单元格对象函数
-(UITableViewCell*)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    NSString* cellStr=@"cell";
    
    UITableViewCell* cell=[_tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellStr];
    
    if (cell==nil) {
        //P1 单元格样式
        //P2 单元格的复用标记
        cell=[[UITableViewCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellStr];
    }
    
    //indexPath索引,显示组数和行数
    NSString* str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld group,%ld row",indexPath.section, indexPath.row];
    
    cell.textLabel.text=_arrayData[indexPath.section][indexPath.row];
    
    return cell;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

实现效果:


之后添加代理

  • ** 更改行高:**
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #272ad8}

-(CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    return 100;
}

效果:


  • ** 设置头部标题:**
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s5 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}

-(NSString*)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section{
    return @"头部标题";
}

效果:

  • 设置尾部标题
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s5 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}

-(NSString*)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForFooterInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    return @"尾部标题";
}

效果:

  • 设置头部或尾部高度:
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #272ad8}

-(CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    return 100;
}

效果:


</br></br>


待续

4. UITableView单元格

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