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sql刷题笔记(一)

sql刷题笔记(一)

作者: 顾子豪 | 来源:发表于2021-06-20 20:47 被阅读0次

    题目选自leetcode 上的题库

    可能不一定都是最优解,答案仅供参考

    每道题后面都应相应的难度等级,如果没时间做的话 可以在leetcode 按出题频率刷题

    祝大家面试取得好的成绩

    175. 组合两个表

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    表1: Person

    +-------------+---------+
    | 列名         | 类型     |
    +-------------+---------+
    | PersonId    | int     |
    | FirstName   | varchar |
    | LastName    | varchar |
    +-------------+---------+
    PersonId 是上表主键
    

    表2: Address

    +-------------+---------+
    | 列名         | 类型    |
    +-------------+---------+
    | AddressId   | int     |
    | PersonId    | int     |
    | City        | varchar |
    | State       | varchar |
    +-------------+---------+
    AddressId 是上表主键
    

    编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:

    FirstName, LastName, City, State
    
    select FirstName,LastName,City,State
    from Person  p
    left join  Address a 
    on a.PersonId = p.PersonId
    

    176. 第二高的薪水

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。

    +----+--------+
    | Id | Salary |
    +----+--------+
    | 1  | 100    |
    | 2  | 200    |
    | 3  | 300    |
    +----+--------+
    

    例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null

    +---------------------+
    | SecondHighestSalary |
    +---------------------+
    | 200                 |
    +---------------------+
    
    SELECT
        IFNULL(
          (SELECT DISTINCT Salary
           FROM Employee
           ORDER BY Salary DESC
            LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1),
        NULL) AS SecondHighestSalary
    

    177. 第N高的薪水

    难度中等

    编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水(Salary)。

    +----+--------+
    | Id | Salary |
    +----+--------+
    | 1  | 100    |
    | 2  | 200    |
    | 3  | 300    |
    +----+--------+
    

    例如上述 Employee 表,n = 2 时,应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null

    +------------------------+
    | getNthHighestSalary(2) |
    +------------------------+
    | 200                    |
    +------------------------+
    
    CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
    BEGIN
      RETURN (
          SELECT IFNULL(
            (select salary  
            from(
            select salary,
            rank() over(order by salary desc) rk
            from Employee
            group by salary
            )t1
            where rk=N),NULL) SecondHighestSalary
      );
    END
    

    178. 分数排名

    难度中等

    SQL架构

    编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。

    如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。

    +----+-------+
    | Id | Score |
    +----+-------+
    | 1  | 3.50  |
    | 2  | 3.65  |
    | 3  | 4.00  |
    | 4  | 3.85  |
    | 5  | 4.00  |
    | 6  | 3.65  |
    +----+-------+
    

    例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):

    +-------+------+
    | Score | Rank |
    +-------+------+
    | 4.00  | 1    |
    | 4.00  | 1    |
    | 3.85  | 2    |
    | 3.65  | 3    |
    | 3.65  | 3    |
    | 3.50  | 4    |
    +-------+------+
    

    重要提示:对于 MySQL 解决方案,如果要转义用作列名的保留字,可以在关键字之前和之后使用撇号。例如 Rank

    select Score,
    dense_rank() over(order by Score desc) `rank`
    from Scores
    

    180. 连续出现的数字

    难度中等

    SQL架构

    编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。

    +----+-----+
    | Id | Num |
    +----+-----+
    | 1  |  1  |
    | 2  |  1  |
    | 3  |  1  |
    | 4  |  2  |
    | 5  |  1  |
    | 6  |  2  |
    | 7  |  2  |
    +----+-----+
    

    例如,给定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。

    +-----------------+
    | ConsecutiveNums |
    +-----------------+
    | 1               |
    +-----------------+
    
    select distinct Num ConsecutiveNums
    from 
    (
    select
    Num,
    lead(Num,1,null) over(order by id) n2,
    lead(Num,2,null) over(order by id) n3
    from Logs
    )t1
    where Num = n2 and Num = n3
    

    181. 超过经理收入的员工

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    Employee 表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。

    +----+-------+--------+-----------+
    | Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
    +----+-------+--------+-----------+
    | 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
    | 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
    | 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
    | 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
    +----+-------+--------+-----------+
    

    给定 Employee 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。

    +----------+
    | Employee |
    +----------+
    | Joe      |
    +----------+
    
    select a.Name  Employee 
    from Employee a 
    join Employee b
    on a.ManagerId = b.id
    where a.Salary>b.Salary
    

    182. 查找重复的电子邮箱

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。

    示例:

    +----+---------+
    | Id | Email   |
    +----+---------+
    | 1  | a@b.com |
    | 2  | c@d.com |
    | 3  | a@b.com |
    +----+---------+
    

    根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:

    +---------+
    | Email   |
    +---------+
    | a@b.com |
    +---------+
    

    说明:所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。

    select Email
    from Person
    group by Email
    having count(*)>1
    

    183. 从不订购的客户

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    某网站包含两个表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。

    Customers 表:

    +----+-------+
    | Id | Name  |
    +----+-------+
    | 1  | Joe   |
    | 2  | Henry |
    | 3  | Sam   |
    | 4  | Max   |
    +----+-------+
    

    Orders 表:

    +----+------------+
    | Id | CustomerId |
    +----+------------+
    | 1  | 3          |
    | 2  | 1          |
    +----+------------+
    

    例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:

    +-----------+
    | Customers |
    +-----------+
    | Henry     |
    | Max       |
    +-----------+
    
    select  c.Name Customers
    from Customers  c left join Orders  o
    on c.id = o.CustomerId
    where o.id is null
    

    184. 部门工资最高的员工

    难度中等

    SQL架构

    Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    | Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    | 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
    | 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
    | 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
    | 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    

    Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

    +----+----------+
    | Id | Name     |
    +----+----------+
    | 1  | IT       |
    | 2  | Sales    |
    +----+----------+
    

    编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

    +------------+----------+--------+
    | Department | Employee | Salary |
    +------------+----------+--------+
    | IT         | Max      | 90000  |
    | Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
    +------------+----------+--------+
    
    select Department,Employee,Salary
    from (
    select d.Name  Department,e.Name Employee, e.Salary,
    rank() over(partition by d.id order by Salary desc) rk
    from Employee e join Department d
    on e.DepartmentId=d.id
    )tmp
    where rk = 1
    

    185. 部门工资前三高的所有员工

    难度困难

    SQL架构

    Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的工号 Id,姓名 Name,工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId

    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    | Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    | 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
    | 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
    | 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
    | 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
    | 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
    | 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
    | 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
    +----+-------+--------+--------------+
    

    Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

    +----+----------+
    | Id | Name     |
    +----+----------+
    | 1  | IT       |
    | 2  | Sales    |
    +----+----------+
    

    编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如,根据上述给定的表,查询结果应返回:

    +------------+----------+--------+
    | Department | Employee | Salary |
    +------------+----------+--------+
    | IT         | Max      | 90000  |
    | IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
    | IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
    | IT         | Will     | 70000  |
    | Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
    | Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
    +------------+----------+--------+
    

    解释:

    IT 部门中,Max 获得了最高的工资,Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资,Will 的工资排第三。销售部门(Sales)只有两名员工,Henry 的工资最高,Sam 的工资排第二。

    select Department,Employee,Salary
    from (
    select d.Name  Department,e.Name Employee, e.Salary,
    dense_rank() over(partition by d.id order by Salary desc) rk
    from Employee e join Department d
    on e.DepartmentId=d.id
    )tmp
    where rk <=3
    

    196. 删除重复的电子邮箱

    难度简单

    编写一个 SQL 查询,来删除 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱,重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。

    +----+------------------+
    | Id | Email            |
    +----+------------------+
    | 1  | john@example.com |
    | 2  | bob@example.com  |
    | 3  | john@example.com |
    +----+------------------+
    Id 是这个表的主键。
    

    例如,在运行你的查询语句之后,上面的 Person 表应返回以下几行:

    +----+------------------+
    | Id | Email            |
    +----+------------------+
    | 1  | john@example.com |
    | 2  | bob@example.com  |
    +----+------------------+
    

    提示:

    • 执行 SQL 之后,输出是整个 Person 表。

    • 使用 delete 语句。

    DELETE p1 FROM Person p1,
        Person p2
    WHERE
        p1.Email = p2.Email AND p1.Id > p2.Id
    

    注意是删除 ,不是查询

    197. 上升的温度

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    给定一个 Weather 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,来查找与之前(昨天的)日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 Id。

    +---------+------------------+------------------+
    | Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
    +---------+------------------+------------------+
    |       1 |       2015-01-01 |               10 |
    |       2 |       2015-01-02 |               25 |
    |       3 |       2015-01-03 |               20 |
    |       4 |       2015-01-04 |               30 |
    +---------+------------------+------------------+
    

    例如,根据上述给定的 Weather 表格,返回如下 Id:

    +----+
    | Id |
    +----+
    |  2 |
    |  4 |
    +----+
    
    select 
    Id
    from 
    (
    select Id,RecordDate,Temperature,
    lag(RecordDate,1,9999-99-99) over (order by RecordDate) yd,
    lag(Temperature,1,999) over(order by RecordDate ) yt
    from Weather 
    )tmp
    where Temperature >yt
    and datediff(RecordDate,yd)=1
    

    262. 行程和用户

    难度困难

    SQL架构

    Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

    +----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
    | Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id |        Status      |Request_at|
    +----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
    | 1  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
    | 2  |     2     |    11     |    1    | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
    | 3  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
    | 4  |     4     |    13     |    6    | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
    | 5  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
    | 6  |     2     |    11     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
    | 7  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
    | 8  |     2     |    12     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03|
    | 9  |     3     |    10     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03| 
    | 10 |     4     |    13     |    12   | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
    +----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
    

    Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。

    +----------+--------+--------+
    | Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
    +----------+--------+--------+
    |    1     |   No   | client |
    |    2     |   Yes  | client |
    |    3     |   No   | client |
    |    4     |   No   | client |
    |    10    |   No   | driver |
    |    11    |   No   | driver |
    |    12    |   No   | driver |
    |    13    |   No   | driver |
    +----------+--------+--------+
    

    写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。

    取消率的计算方式如下:(被司机或乘客取消的非禁止用户生成的订单数量) / (非禁止用户生成的订单总数)

    +------------+-------------------+
    |     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
    +------------+-------------------+
    | 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
    | 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
    | 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
    +------------+-------------------+
    
    SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`, 
        ROUND(
                SUM(
                    IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
                )
                / 
                COUNT(T.STATUS),
                2
        ) AS `Cancellation Rate`
    FROM trips AS T
    WHERE 
    T.Client_Id NOT IN (
        SELECT users_id
        FROM users
        WHERE banned = 'Yes'
    )
    AND
    T.Driver_Id NOT IN (
        SELECT users_id
        FROM users
        WHERE banned = 'Yes'
    )
    AND T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
    GROUP BY T.request_at
    

    511. 游戏玩法分析 I

    难度简单

    SQL架构

    活动表 Activity

    +--------------+---------+
    | Column Name  | Type    |
    +--------------+---------+
    | player_id    | int     |
    | device_id    | int     |
    | event_date   | date    |
    | games_played | int     |
    +--------------+---------+
    表的主键是 (player_id, event_date)。
    这张表展示了一些游戏玩家在游戏平台上的行为活动。
    每行数据记录了一名玩家在退出平台之前,当天使用同一台设备登录平台后打开的游戏的数目(可能是 0 个)。
    

    写一条 SQL 查询语句获取每位玩家 第一次登陆平台的日期

    查询结果的格式如下所示:

    Activity 表:
    +-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
    | player_id | device_id | event_date | games_played |
    +-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
    | 1         | 2         | 2016-03-01 | 5            |
    | 1         | 2         | 2016-05-02 | 6            |
    | 2         | 3         | 2017-06-25 | 1            |
    | 3         | 1         | 2016-03-02 | 0            |
    | 3         | 4         | 2018-07-03 | 5            |
    +-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
    
    Result 表:
    +-----------+-------------+
    | player_id | first_login |
    +-----------+-------------+
    | 1         | 2016-03-01  |
    | 2         | 2017-06-25  |
    | 3         | 2016-03-02  |
    +-----------+-------------+
    
    select player_id ,event_date first_login
    from (
    select player_id ,event_date,
    rank() over(partition by player_id order by event_date) rk
    from Activity
    ) tmp
    where rk = 1
    

    2.最优 (选最小日期)

    select player_id ,min(event_date) first_login
    from Activity
    group by player_id 
    

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