美文网首页
4源码的角度分析View

4源码的角度分析View

作者: 帝乙岩 | 来源:发表于2017-09-04 10:54 被阅读0次

    内容:View的三大工作流程源码分析

    measure过程

    1.View的measure过程

    • 由measure方法来完成,该方法是静态的不能被子类重写,在view的measure中会调用onMeasure:
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                    getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
        }
    

    setMeasuredDimension方法设置宽高的测量值,看getDefaultSize:

     public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
            int result = size;
            int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
            int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
    
            switch (specMode) {
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                result = size;
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                result = specSize;
                break;
            }
            return result;
        }
    

    EXACTLY情况:getDefaultSize返回的大小就是MeasureSpec中的specSize,这个specSize就是测量后的大小。
    UNSPECIFIED情况:view的大小为size,即宽高分别为getSuggestedMinimumWidth和getSuggestedMinimumHeight的返回值

        protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
            return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
        }
        protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
            return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
    
        }
    

    可以看出,如果view没有设置背景,那么view的宽度为mMinWidth,mMinWidth 对应于android:minWidth属性所指的值,
    不指定默认为0。如果view指定背景,则view的宽度为max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth()),看下getMinimumWidth()方法

        public int getMinimumWidth() {
            final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
            return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
        }
    

    getMinimumWidth()返回的就是Drawable的原始宽度,没有原始宽度则为0,例:ShapeDrawable无原始宽度,BitmapDrawable有。

    • 总结:从getDefaultSize方法中来看,View的宽高由specSize决定。
      结论:直接继承View的自定义控件需要重写onMeasure方法并设置wrap_content时的自身大小,否则wrap_content效果为match_parent。
      原因:结合上述代码和表4-1理解,上述代码中可知view在代码中使用wrap_content,那么specMode是AT_MOST模式,宽高等于
      specSize;差表4-1可知,这种情况specSize是parentSize,而parentSize是父容器中可以使用的大小,match_parent效果一致。
      解决:
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            int widthSpaceSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
            int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightSpaceSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
            int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
            if ((widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
                setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
            }else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
                setMeasuredDimension(widthSpaceSize, mHeight);
            } else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
                setMeasuredDimension(mWidth, heightSpaceSize);
            } else {
            }
        }
    

    在代码中只需要给view指定一个默认的内部宽高(mWidth,mHeight),并在wrap_content时设置即可,对于非wrap_content沿用系统的测量值即可。(可参考TextView,imageView源码)

    2.ViewGroup的measure过程

    • 对于ViewGroup除了完成自己的measure过程外,还会调用所有子元素的measure方法,各个子元素再递归去执行这个过程。ViewGroup是一个抽象类,没有重写view的onMeasure方法,但提供了measureChildren方法:
     protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            final int size = mChildrenCount;
            final View[] children = mChildren;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                final View child = children[i];
                if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
                    measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
                }
            }
        }
    

    ViewGroup在measure时,会对每一个子元素进行measure,measureChild方法:

        protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
            final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
    
            final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                    mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
            final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                    mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
    
            child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        }
    

    measureChild思想是取出子元素的LayoutParams,然后再通过getChildMeasureSpec来创建子元素的MeasureSpec,接着将MeasureSpec直接传递给View的measure方法来进行测量。

    • 下面通过LinearLayout的onMeasure方法来分析ViewGroup的measure过程。
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
                measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            } else {
                measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    

    看下measureVertical方法:由于有300行代码所以只看核心

     void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
                measureChildBeforeLayout(child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0,heightMeasureSpec, usedHeight);
               final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
               final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
               mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
                           lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
            }
    }
    

    系统会遍历子元素并对每个子元素执行measureChildBeforeLayout方法,这个方法内部会调用measure方法,各个元素依次进入measure过程,系统会通过mTotalLength来存储LinearLayout在竖直方向的初步高度。每测量一个子元素mTotalLength都会增加,增加的部分主要包括了子元素的高度以及子元素在竖直方向上的margin等.当子元素测量完毕后,LinearLayout测量自己的大小:

            // Add in our padding
            mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
    
            int heightSize = mTotalLength;
    
            // Check against our minimum height
            heightSize = Math.max(heightSize, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
            
            // Reconcile our calculated size with the heightMeasureSpec
            int heightSizeAndState = resolveSizeAndState(heightSize, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
            heightSize = heightSizeAndState & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
            ···
            setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                    heightSizeAndState);
    

    对竖直LinearLayout而言,它在水平方向的测量过程遵循View的测量过程,在竖直方向的测量过程则和view不同。如果它的布局中高度采用的是mathch_parent或者具体数值,那么它的测量过程与view一致,即高度为specSize;如果它的布局中高度采用wrap_content,那么它的高度是所有子元素所占的高度总和,但是仍然不能超过父容器的剩余空间,它的最终高度还需要考虑其在竖直方向的padding,看源码:

           public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
            final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
            final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
            final int result;
            switch (specMode) {
                case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                    if (specSize < size) {
                        result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
                    } else {
                        result = size;
                    }
                    break;
                case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                    result = specSize;
                    break;
                case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                default:
                    result = size;
            }
            return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
        }
    

    measure完成后,通过getMeasureWidth/Heigth获取测量高度。在极端情况下系统多次measure才能确定最终高度,这种情况在onMeasure方法中拿到的测量宽高不准确。好的习惯是在onLayout方法中获得View的测量宽高或最终宽高。

    • 一种情况:在Activity已启动的时候就做一件任务,任务需要获取某个View的宽高。
      View的measure过程和Activity的生命周期方法不是同步执行,无法保证Activity执行了onCreate、onStart、onResume时View已经测量完毕,如果View还没有测量完毕,那么获得的宽高就是0。

    四种解决办法:
    (1)Activity/View#onWindowFocusChanged
    onWindowFocusChanged方法含义:View已经初始化完毕,宽高已经准备好了,这时候获取宽高没有问题。注意:当Activty继续执行和暂停执行时,onWindowFocusChanged均会被调用,如果频繁的进行onResume和onPause,那么onWindowFocusChanged也会被频繁的调用。代码:

        public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
            super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
            if(hasFocus){
               int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
               int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
            }
        }
    

    (2)view.post(runnable)
    通过post可以将一个runnable投递到消息队列尾部,然后等待Looper调用此runnable的时候,View也已经初始化好了,代码:

        protected void onStart() {
            super.onStart();
            view.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
                    int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
                }
            });
        }
    

    (3)VeiwTreeObserver
    使用VeiwTreeObserver的众多回调可以完成这个功能,比如使用
    OnGlobalLayoutListener接口,当View树的状态发生改变或者View树内部的View的可见性发生改变时,onGlobalLayout方法将被回调,此时获取View的宽高。注意:伴随view树的状态改变,onGlobalLayout会被调用多次。

     protected void onStart() {
            super.onStart();
            ViewTreeObserver observer = view.getViewTreeObserver();
            observer.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
    
                @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
                @Override
                public void onGlobalLayout() {
                    view.getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
                    int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
                    int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
                }
            });
        }
    

    (4)view.measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
    手动对View进行measure来得到View的宽高。根据View的LayoutParams分情况处理:

    • match_parent
      无法measure出具体宽高。
    • 具体的数值(dp/px)
      比如宽高都是100px:
        private void measureView() {
            int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    
    • wrap_content
        private void measureView() {
            int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1 << 30) - 1, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1 << 30) - 1, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    

    注意:(1 << 30) - 1通过分析MeasureSpec的实现可以知道,View的尺寸使用30位二进制表示,最大是30个1(即2^30-1),也就是(1 << 30) - 1,在最大化模式下,我们用View理论上能支持的最大值去构造MeasureSpec是合理的。

    • 关于View的measure的错误用法:原因是违背系统内部实现规范导致measure过程出错,从而结果不能保证是正确的,错误代码:
      private void measureView() {
            int widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec( - 1, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
            int heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(-1, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
            view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    
     view.measure(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
    

    layout过程

    作用是ViewGroup用来确定子元素的位置,确定后它在onLayout中遍历所有子元素并调用其layout方法,在layout方法中onLayout方法又被调用。

    • layout方法确定View本身的位置,onLayout确定所有子元素的位置,view的layout方法:
     public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
            if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
                onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
            }
    
            int oldL = mLeft;
            int oldT = mTop;
            int oldB = mBottom;
            int oldR = mRight;
    
            boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                    setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
    
            if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
                onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
    
                ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
                if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                    ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                            (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                    int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                    for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                        listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                    }
                }
            }
    
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
            mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
        }
    

    首先通过setFrame方法设定view的四个顶点的位置,即初始化 mLeft、mTop、mBottom、mRight四值,确定view在父容器中的位置;接着调用onLayout方法,这个方法的用途是父容器确定子元素的位置,实现与具体布局有关,所以View和ViewGroup没有真正实现onLayout方法。

    • 看下LinearLayout的onLayout方法:
        protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
                layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
            } else {
                layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
            }
        }
    

    layoutVertical部分代码:

      void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
            ···
            final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
            ···
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
                if (child == null) {
                    childTop += measureNullChild(i);
                } else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                    final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                    final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                    
                    final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
                            (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                   ···
                    if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
                        childTop += mDividerHeight;
                    }
    
                    childTop += lp.topMargin;
                    setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
                            childWidth, childHeight);
                    childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
    
                    i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
                }
            }
        }
    

    setChildFrame中的Width和Height实际上就是子元素的测量宽高,
    此方法会遍历所有子元素并调用setChildFrame方法为子元素指定对应位置,childTop会逐渐增大,子元素放在靠下位置。
    setChildFrame调用子元素的layout方法,父元素在layout方法中完成自己的定位后,通过onLayout方法调用子元素的layout方法,子元素又会通过自己的layout方法来确定自己的位置,这样一层层传递下去就完成了整个View树的layout过程。
    setChildFrame方法:

       private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {        
            child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
        }
    

    在layout方法中会通过setFrame去设置子元素的四个顶点的位置,在setFrame中有几句赋值语句,这样子元素的位置就确定了

                mLeft = left;
                mTop = top;
                mRight = right;
                mBottom = bottom;
    
    • 问题:View的测量宽高与最终宽高的区别?
      问题具体为:View的getMeasuredWidth和getWidth这两种方法有什么区别。
      首先看getWidth和getHeight的方法实现:
        public final int getWidth() {
            return mRight - mLeft;
        }
        public final int getHeight() {
            return mBottom - mTop;
        }
    

    getWidth方法返回的是View的测量宽度。
    答案:在View的默认实现中,View的测量宽高和最终宽高是相等的,区别在于测量宽高形成于View的measure过程,而最终宽高形成于View的layout过程,测量宽高的赋值时机稍微早一些。
    在日常开发中可以认为View的测量宽高等于最终宽高,特殊情况下才会不同。

    draw过程

    View的绘制过程遵循如下几步:

    • 绘制背景background.draw(canvas).
    • 绘制自己(onDraw).
    • 绘制children(dispatchaDraw).
    • 绘制装饰(onDrawScrollBars)
      源码:
        public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
            final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
            final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
                    (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
            mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
    
            /*
             * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
             * in the appropriate order:
             *
             *      1. Draw the background
             *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
             *      3. Draw view's content
             *      4. Draw children
             *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
             *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
             */
    
            // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
            int saveCount;
    
            if (!dirtyOpaque) {
                drawBackground(canvas);
            }
    
            // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
            final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
            boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
            boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
            if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
                // Step 3, draw the content
                if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
    
                // Step 4, draw the children
                dispatchDraw(canvas);
    
                // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
                if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                    mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
                }
    
                // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
                onDrawForeground(canvas);
    
                // we're done...
                return;
            }
            ···
        }
    

    View绘制过程的传递是通过dispatchDraw来实现,dispatchDraw会遍历调用所有子元素的draw方法,draw事件就一层层传递下去。看下View的setWillNotDraw源码:

        /**
         * If this view doesn't do any drawing on its own, set this flag to
         * allow further optimizations. By default, this flag is not set on
         * View, but could be set on some View subclasses such as ViewGroup.
         *
         * Typically, if you override {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)}
         * you should clear this flag.
         *
         * @param willNotDraw whether or not this View draw on its own
         */
        public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {
            setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK);
        }
    

    注释中可以看出,如果一个view中不需要绘制任何内容,那么设置这个标记位为true以后,系统会进行相应的优化。
    默认情况下view没有启动这个默认标记位,但是ViewGroup会默认启动这个优化标记位。
    实际开发的意义:当我们的自定义控件继承ViewGroup并且本身不具备绘制功能时,就可以开启这个标记位便于系统进行后续的优化。当明确知道一个ViewGroup需要通过onDraw来绘制内容时,我们需要显示的关闭WILL_NOT_DRAW这个标记位。

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:4源码的角度分析View

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/vuahhxtx.html