SpringBoot GraphQL Demo

作者: Lo_ading | 来源:发表于2021-09-17 14:01 被阅读0次

SpringBoot GraphQL Demo

代码示例：https://github.com/Loading-Life/spring-graphql-demo

参考资料
Graphql-Java
Graphql-Java-Kickstart
GraphQL 在微服务架构中的实践
 GraphQL Java从入门到实践
 Building a GraphQL Server with Spring Boot

GraphQL-Java预览

public class HelloWorld {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        //1. 定义schema
        String schema = "type Query{hello: String}";

        //2. 解析schema
        SchemaParser schemaParser = new SchemaParser();
        TypeDefinitionRegistry typeDefinitionRegistry = schemaParser.parse(schema);

        //3. 定义hello方法获取数据的方法
        RuntimeWiring runtimeWiring = new RuntimeWiring()
                .type("Query", builder -> builder.dataFetcher("hello", new StaticDataFetcher("world")))
                .build();

        //4. schema与获取数据方法绑定
        SchemaGenerator schemaGenerator = new SchemaGenerator();
        GraphQLSchema graphQLSchema = schemaGenerator.makeExecutableSchema(typeDefinitionRegistry, runtimeWiring);

        //5. 实例化GraphQL
        GraphQL build = GraphQL.newGraphQL(graphQLSchema).build();
        
        //6. 执行{hello}
        ExecutionResult executionResult = build.execute("{hello}");

        System.out.println(executionResult.getData().toString());
        // Prints: {hello=world}
    }
}

SpringBoot使用GraphQl

1. 添加依赖

    <!-- graphql springboot starter（必须） -->
    <!-- https://github.com/graphql-java-kickstart/graphql-spring-boot -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.graphql-java-kickstart</groupId>
      <artifactId>graphql-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>${graphql.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.graphql-java-kickstart</groupId>
      <artifactId>graphql-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <version>${graphql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

2. 定义schema

springboot启动后扫描配置graphql.tools.schema-location-pattern下的文件，解析schema定义，默认值为**/*.graphqls

schema针对资源分为两种：

query:数据查询
mutation:数据更改

graphql类型有六种：

Scalar: graphql 类型系统的叶节点称为标量。一旦你到达一个标量类型，你就不能进一步下降到类型层次结构中。标量类型旨在表示不可分割的值。Scalar参考
Object: 对象
Interface
Union
InputObject: 输入对象
Enum

schema.graphqls中的 UserConnection @connection(for: "PersonEntity") 为Relay的一种简写方式，详情可查看链接
Relay : https://www.graphql-java-kickstart.com/tools/relay/

schema {
    query : Query
    mutation: Mutation
}

type Query {
    persons: [PersonEntity]
    personsPage(first: Int, after: String): UserConnection @connection(for: "PersonEntity")
    person(id: ID!): PersonEntity
    companies: [CompanyEntity]
    company(id: ID!): CompanyEntity
}

type Mutation {
    createPerson(person: createPersonInput): PersonEntity
    createCompany(company: createCompanyInput): CompanyEntity
}

input createPersonInput {
    name: String
    companyId: String
}

input createCompanyInput {
    name: String
    partnerCompanyIds: String
}

interface Node {
    id: ID!
}

type CompanyEntity implements Node {
    id: ID!
    name: String
    partnerCompanyIds: String
    persons: [PersonEntity]
    partners: [CompanyEntity]
}

type PersonEntity implements Node {
    id: ID!
    name: String
    companyId: String
    company: CompanyEntity
}

3. 定义Resolver和数据类

接下来需在对应的Resolver中实现具体的方法。graphql会根据pojo规范自动的将对象与schema对象映射

例如:

schema中persons: [PersonEntity]方法，该方法无参数，返回PersonEntity数组, 则在GraphQLQueryResolver中实现persons方法。

@Component
public class PersonQueryResolver implements GraphQLQueryResolver {

  @Autowired
  private PersonService personService;

  public List<PersonEntity> persons() {
    return personService.all();
  }

  ...

}

schema中company(id: ID!): CompanyEntity方法，该方法需要一个id参数，返回CompanyEntity, 则在GraphQLQueryResolver中实现persons方法。

@Component
public class CompanyQueryResolver implements GraphQLQueryResolver {

  @Autowired
  private CompanyService companyService;

  public CompanyEntity company(String id) {
    return companyService.findById(id);
  }
  
  ...

}

往往在实际业务中，我们常常会遇到有关联的数据。

例如: 实例中的公司company和员工person.

一个公司会有多个员工
一个员工只能在一家公司工作
一个公司可能存在多个合作公司

此时我们的这种数据关系可以在schame中定义(java实体中不需要定义此字段)，在 GraphQLResolver<T> 中添加实现即可

例如：一个公司可能存在多个合作公司场景

@Data
@Proxy(lazy = false)
@Entity
public class CompanyEntity {

  @Id
  private String id;

  private String name;

  private String partnerCompanyIds;

  public CompanyEntity(){}

  public CompanyEntity(String id, String name, String partnerCompanyIds){
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.partnerCompanyIds = partnerCompanyIds;
  }
}

@Component
public class CompanyResolver implements GraphQLResolver<CompanyEntity> {

  @Autowired
  private CompanyService companyService;

  public List<CompanyEntity> partners(CompanyEntity company,
      DataFetchingEnvironment environment) {
    String[] partnerIds = company.getPartnerCompanyIds().split("\\|");
    return companyService.findByIds(partnerIds);
  }
  
  ...

}

在关联对象中会存在N+1问题，该问题graph提供了BatchLoader批量加载数据方式解决。当获取到所有带查询的关联数据后，在进行一次查询。

例如: 一个公司会有多个员工

首先需要定义需要在请求上下文中定义personCompanyIdLoader

@Component
public class CustomGraphQLContextBuilder implements GraphQLServletContextBuilder {

  @Autowired
  private CompanyService companyService;

  @Autowired
  private PersonService personService;

  @Override
  public GraphQLContext build(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
      HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    return DefaultGraphQLServletContext
        .createServletContext(buildDataLoaderRegistry(), null)
        .with(httpServletRequest)
        .with(httpServletResponse)
        .build();
  }

  @Override
  public GraphQLContext build(Session session, HandshakeRequest handshakeRequest) {
    return DefaultGraphQLWebSocketContext
        .createWebSocketContext(buildDataLoaderRegistry(), null)
        .with(session)
        .with(handshakeRequest)
        .build();
  }

  @Override
  public GraphQLContext build() {
    return new DefaultGraphQLContext(buildDataLoaderRegistry(), null);
  }

  private DataLoaderRegistry buildDataLoaderRegistry() {

    //companyService.findByIds(companyIds)返回数据的顺序，需要和参数顺序一致
    DataLoader<String, CompanyEntity> companyIdLoader =
        new DataLoader<>(companyIds -> CompletableFuture
            .supplyAsync(() -> companyService.findByIds(companyIds)));

    DataLoader<String, List<PersonEntity>> personCompanyIdLoader =
        new DataLoader<>(
            keys -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> personService.findByCompanyIds(keys)));

    DataLoaderRegistry dataLoaderRegistry = new DataLoaderRegistry();
    dataLoaderRegistry.register("companyIdLoader", companyIdLoader);
    dataLoaderRegistry.register("personCompanyIdLoader", personCompanyIdLoader);
    return dataLoaderRegistry;
  }

}

在GraphQLResolver中获取personCompanyIdLoader并查询数据

@Component
public class CompanyResolver implements GraphQLResolver<CompanyEntity> {

  @Autowired
  private CompanyService companyService;

  public CompletableFuture<List<PersonEntity>> persons(CompanyEntity company,
      DataFetchingEnvironment environment) {
    DataLoaderRegistry registry = ((GraphQLContext) environment.getContext())
        .getDataLoaderRegistry();
    DataLoader<String, List<PersonEntity>> dataLoader = registry.getDataLoader("personCompanyIdLoader");
    if (dataLoader != null) {
      return dataLoader.load(company.getId());
    }
    throw new IllegalStateException("No customer data loader found");
  }

  ...

}

调试工具GraphIQL

添加依赖后，访问${address}/graphiql

    <!-- 查询调试工具(可选) -->
    <!-- https://github.com/graphql/graphiql -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.graphql-java-kickstart</groupId>
      <artifactId>graphiql-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>${graphql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

graphiql.png

调试工具Voyager

添加依赖后，访问${address}/voyager

    <!-- graphql资源图形展示工具(可选) -->
    <!-- https://github.com/APIs-guru/graphql-voyager -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.graphql-java-kickstart</groupId>
      <artifactId>voyager-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>${graphql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

voyager.png

SpringBoot GraphQL Demo