Mac Docker入门安装使用

作者: 人在码途 | 来源:发表于2018-12-16 00:37 被阅读81次

    最新mac系统千万不要用brew安装,推荐使用官方文档:https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/#proxies

    安装镜像:
    docker pull centos:latest
    

    latest代表拉取最新的镜像,当然可以先搜索下

    docker search centos
    
    查看本地镜像库:
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago          202MB
    

    在列出信息中,可以看到几个字段信息:

    来自于哪个仓库,比如 ubuntu
    镜像的标记,比如 16.04
    它的 ID 号(唯一),比如e4415b714b62
    创建时间
    镜像大小

    启动镜像:
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it centos bash 
    [root@fc68ad1849ef /]# 
    

    -it 表示运行在交互模式,是-i -t的缩写,即-it是两个参数:-i和-t。前者表示打开并保持stdout,后者表示分配一个终端(pseudo-tty)一般这个模式就是可以启动bash,然后和容器有命令行的交互

    启动镜像后,分配了一个新终端,命令行变为[root@fc68ad1849ef /]#说明启动成功,并且登陆到了根目录

    在这里可以随意使用Linux命令了,但是有些命令是没有的,需要手动安装,比如vim,可以使用yum安装,命令:

    yum install vim
    
    退出容器

    如果使用exit,命令退出,则容器的状态处于Exit,而不是后台运行。如果想让容器一直运行,而不是停止,可以使用快捷键 ctrl p+q 退出,此时容器的状态为Up

    使用exit,然后使用

    查看正在运行的容器:docker ps

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it centos bash 
    [root@c06a8694d372 /]# 
    [root@c06a8694d372 /]# exit
    exit
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    bd7181bd39ff        centos              "bash"              3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            priceless_goldwasser
    

    可以看到,当前有一个id为bd7181bd39ff的容器,image为centos,就是刚刚启动的,如果通过exit退出容器,这里就不会显示了。

    启动、停止、重启容器
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop bd7181bd39ff
    bd7181bd39ff
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker start bd7181bd39ff
    bd7181bd39ff
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    bd7181bd39ff        centos              "bash"              6 minutes ago       Up 1 second                             priceless_goldwasser
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker restart bd7181bd39ff
    bd7181bd39ff
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    bd7181bd39ff        centos              "bash"              6 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds                            priceless_goldwasser
    
    进入容器attach
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker attach bd7181bd39ff
    [root@bd7181bd39ff /]# 
    
    安装软件、保存环境

    安装vim

    [root@bd7181bd39ff /]# yum install vim 
    .....
    [root@bd7181bd39ff /]# vi  
    vi        view      vigr      vim       vimdiff   vimtutor  vipw 
    

    保存容器,先退出容器,然后commit

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker commit -m '安装vim' -a 'tongkun' bd7181bd39ff tongkun/centos:vim
    sha256:1dab79502fbda22037e865b81882e073575af4e8a0bd8a0de16989b0ed244e2d
    

    -m指定说明信息;-a指定用户信息;bd7181bd39ff代表容器的id;tongkun/centos:vim指定目标镜像的用户名、仓库名和 tag 信息

    查看镜像库,就已经有刚提交的镜像了

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
    tongkun/centos      vim                 1dab79502fbd        About a minute ago   327MB
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago           202MB
    

    退出现有镜像,启动刚刚commit的镜像,查看安装的vim是否存在

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop bd7181bd39ff
    bd7181bd39ff
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos bash 
    Unable to find image 'tongkun/centos:latest' locally
    docker: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: Service Unavailable.
    See 'docker run --help'.
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos:vim  bash 
    [root@a7880e04c1d4 /]# vi 
    vi        view      vigr      vim       vimdiff   vimtutor  vipw  
    

    可以看到,这是我们刚刚commit的镜像,有vim命令工具

    删除容器或镜像

    如果想删除容器或者镜像,可以使用rm命令,注意:删除镜像前必须先删除以此镜像为基础的容器(哪怕是已经停止的容器),否则无法删除该镜像,会报错Failed to remove image (e4415b714b62): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete e4415b714b62 (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images类似这种。

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a7880e04c1d4        tongkun/centos:vim   "bash"              5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            blissful_volhard
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    tongkun/centos      vim                 1dab79502fbd        10 minutes ago      327MB
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago          202MB
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 1dab79502fbd
    Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 1dab79502fbd (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container a7880e04c1d4
    

    删除镜像 docker rmi 容器id, 因为此镜像有容器在使用,所以不能被删除,需要先删除容器,删除容器命令docker rm 镜像id,删除之前需要先stop容器,否则也会报错,如下:**Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a7880e04c1d42f6d1f672ac920dd33df552a409cc19029314672643ee18e5836. Stop the container before **

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm a7880e04c1d4
    Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a7880e04c1d42f6d1f672ac920dd33df552a409cc19029314672643ee18e5836. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop a7880e04c1d4
    a7880e04c1d4
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm a7880e04c1d4
    a7880e04c1d4
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 1dab79502fbd
    Untagged: tongkun/centos:vim
    Deleted: sha256:1dab79502fbda22037e865b81882e073575af4e8a0bd8a0de16989b0ed244e2d
    Deleted: sha256:f6def596fa2f515b28700f4cd3241e0ea78743abe6dad6d2f65bbf945f6dbf15
    

    Docker push

    正所谓“一次提交,到处使用”,我们可以把配置好的Docker push到仓库中,比如 docker hub

    先把刚删除的镜像重新弄回来一遍。。。。。

    首先到https://hub.docker.com/注册个账号,然后登陆

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker login 
    Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
    Username: tongkun
    Password: 
    Login Succeeded
    

    push镜像:

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker push tongkun/centos:vim
    The push refers to repository [docker.io/tongkun/centos]
    15f896816a9b: Pushed 
    071d8bd76517: Mounted from library/centos 
    vim: digest: sha256:41bdaf55a709080577ccb40f61c0f91275e4a1cb62827a3893b6a5269a619d67 size: 741
    

    push成功之后,到docker hub的仓库中,我们就可以看到自己push上去的镜像了,跟github类似,如图:

    屏幕快照 2018-12-16 上午12.35.14
    pull镜像

    当我们在其他地方也需要使用此镜像是,只需要配置好docker,并登陆docker就可以pull已有的镜像了,为了模拟我们先把本地镜像和容器删掉,从仓库中拉取

    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop 133b1f45876f
    133b1f45876f
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm 133b1f45876f
    133b1f45876f
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    tongkun/centos      vim                 78c5c9cce361        8 minutes ago       327MB
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago          202MB
    #删除镜像
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 78c5c9cce361
    Untagged: tongkun/centos:vim
    Untagged: tongkun/centos@sha256:41bdaf55a709080577ccb40f61c0f91275e4a1cb62827a3893b6a5269a619d67
    Deleted: sha256:78c5c9cce361122999251ef6ed00d286e4a1af70124a53583e46dbaeb3517879
    Deleted: sha256:4b40340dc18b3ef39430f7892e0021af55dcae7f5d76e3b73e0087392f6ca353
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago          202MB
    #从仓库中拉取镜像
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker pull tongkun/centos:vim 
    vim: Pulling from tongkun/centos
    a02a4930cb5d: Already exists 
    260974091ff8: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:d57b9eb7123569c3b49279e8211d145b1070656be8aede5f97a0d025fc6ec6ee
    Status: Downloaded newer image for tongkun/centos:vim
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images 
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    tongkun/centos      vim                 defbd9f314c9        11 minutes ago      327MB
    centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        9 days ago          202MB
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    #启动镜像
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos:vim bash 
    [root@c42f9f275474 /]# tongkun@localhost java (master) $ 
    tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    c42f9f275474        tongkun/centos:vim   "bash"              11 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds                           frosty_williams
    
    最后来张docker命令图收尾
    20171005132826220

    Mac入门就到这里了,深层次的使用和控制,后面学习再补充~

    参考:http://lihuia.com/2018/03/09/docker/

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