十一、错误页面配置和流量控制

作者: 胖虎喜欢小红 | 来源:发表于2020-01-12 09:43 被阅读0次

一、nginx 错误页面配置

nginx错误页面包括404 403 500 502 503 504等页面，只需要在server中增加以下配置即可：

                error_page  404              /404.html;  指定404返回的静态页面路由
                location = /404.html {
                        root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
                }

注意：

/usr/local/nginx/html/ 路径下必须有404.html这个文件！！！

404.html上如果引用其他文件的png或css就会有问题，显示不出来，因为其他文件的访问也要做配置；

为了简单，可以将css嵌入文件中，图片用base64编码嵌入；如下：

[root@localhost html]# vim 404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
        <title>404</title>
        <style>
            .layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px}
            .layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center}
            .layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;}
            #tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body class="layui-layout-body">
        <div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
            
            <div class="layui-body">
                <div class="layout-table">
                    <div class="layout-table-cell">
                        <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="layout-img">
                        <p class="layout-tip">哎呀，找不到该页面啦！</p>
                        <p id="tips">请检查您的网络连接是否正常或者输入的网址是否正确</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        
    </body>
</html>

效果图：

1561964133748.png

二、nginx 流量控制

流量限制 (rate-limiting)，我们可以用来限制用户在给定时间内HTTP请求的数量。流量限制可以用作安全目的，比如可以减慢暴力密码破解的速率。还可以用来抵御 DDOS 攻击。更常见的情况是该功能被用来保护上游应用服务器不被同时太多用户请求所压垮。

1、Nginx如何限流
Nginx的”流量限制”使用漏桶算法(leaky bucket algorithm)，就好比，一个桶口在倒水，桶底在漏水的水桶。如果桶口倒水的速率大于桶底的漏水速率，桶里面的水将会溢出；同样，在请求处理方面，水代表来自客户端的请求，水桶代表根据”先进先出调度算法”(FIFO)等待被处理的请求队列，桶底漏出的水代表离开缓冲区被服务器处理的请求，桶口溢出的水代表被丢弃和不被处理的请求。
2、配置基本的限流
“流量限制”配置两个主要的指令，limit_req_zone和limit_req，如下所示：

        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
        upstream myweb {
                server 10.3.134.2:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
                }
        server {
                listen 80;
                server_name localhost;

                location /login {
                        limit_req zone=mylimit;
                        proxy_pass http://myweb;
                        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
                        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                        }
        }

10.3.134.2配置:
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        location /login {
                root    /usr/share/nginx/html;
                index   index.html index.html;
                }
}

limit_req_zone指令设置流量限制和内存区域的参数，但实际上并不限制请求速率。所以需要通过添加limit_req指令启用流量限制,应用在特定的location或者server块。(示例中，对于”/login/”的所有请求)。
limit_req_zone指令通常在HTTP块中定义，使其可在多个上下文中使用，它需要以下三个参数：

Key - 定义应用限制的请求特性。示例中的 Nginx 变量$binary_remote_addr，保存客户端IP地址的二进制形式。
Zone - 定义用于存储每个IP地址状态以及被限制请求URL访问频率的内存区域。通过zone=keyword标识区域的名字(自定义)，以及冒号后面跟区域大小。16000个IP地址的状态信息，大约需要1MB。
Rate - 连接请求。在示例中，速率不能超过每秒1个请求。

3、配置流量控制的日志

默认情况下，Nginx以error级别来记录被拒绝的请求，如要更改Nginx的日志记录级别，需要使用limit_req_log_level指令。这里，我们将被拒绝请求的日志记录级别设置为warn：

        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
        upstream myweb {
                server 10.0.105.196:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
                }
        server {
                listen 80;
                server_name localhost;

                location /login {
                        limit_req zone=mylimit;
                        limit_req_log_level warn;
                        proxy_pass http://myweb;
                        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
                        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                        }
        }

默认情况下，Nginx会在日志中记录由于流量限制而延迟或丢弃的请求，如下所示：

2019/02/13 04:20:00 [error] 120315#0: *32086 limiting requests, excess: 1.000 by zone "mylimit", client: 192.168.1.2, server: nginx.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.0", host: "nginx.com"

日志条目中包含的字段：

limiting requests - 表明日志条目记录的是被“流量限制”请求
excess - 每毫秒超过对应“流量限制”配置的请求数量
zone - 定义实施“流量限制”的区域
client - 发起请求的客户端IP地址
server - 服务器IP地址或主机名
request - 客户端发起的实际HTTP请求
host - HTTP报头中host的值

4、发送到客户端的错误代码

一般情况下，客户端超过配置的流量限制时，Nginx响应状态码为503(Service Temporarily Unavailable)。可以使用limit_req_status指令来设置为其它状态码(例如下面的404状态码):

    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
    upstream myweb {
            server 10.0.105.196:80 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=1;
        }
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name localhost;
        
            location /login {
            limit_req zone=mylimit;
            limit_req_log_level warn;
            limit_req_status 404;
                    proxy_pass http://myweb;
                        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
                    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                    }
    }

十一、错误页面配置和流量控制

一、nginx 错误页面配置

二、nginx 流量控制

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