1.Nacos简介
1.1概述
前四个字母分别为Naming和Configuration的前两个字母,最后的s为Service
一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现,配置管理和服务管理中心
Nacos就是注册中心+配置中心的组合(Nacos = Eureka+Config+Bus)
替代Eureka做服务注册中心
替代Config做服务配置中心
替代Bus做总线
1.2下载
地址:https://github.com/alibaba/Nacos
官网:https://nacos.io/zh-cn/index.html
https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_nacos_discovery
1.3各注册中心比较
image.png2.安装并运行Nacos
先从官网下载Nacos
https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/tag/1.4
解压安装包,直接运行bin目录下的startup.cmd
命令运行成功后直接访问http://localhost:8848/nacos,默认账号密码都是nacos
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3.Nacos作为服务注册中心演示
3.1基于Nacos的服务提供者
3.1.1新建Module
cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001
3.1.2POM依赖
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.1.3YML配置
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: nacos-payment-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
#配置监控
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
3.1.4主启动
@EnableDiscoveryClient //使用nacos
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9001.class,args);
}
}
3.1.5业务类
@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/nacos/{id}")
public String getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
return "nacos registry, serverPort: "+ serverPort+"\t id"+id;
}
}
3.1.6测试
http://lcoalhost:9001/payment/nacos/1
image.png
3.1.7 nacos自带负载均衡
3.2基于Nacos的服务消费者
3.2.1新建Module
cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83
3.2.2POM依赖
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.2.3YML配置
server:
port: 83
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
service-url:
nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
3.2.4 主启动
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosMain83
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain83.class,args);
}
}
3.2.5业务类
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderNacosController
{
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
private String serverURL;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/nacos/{id}")
public String paymentInfo(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL+"/payment/nacos/"+id,String.class);
}
}
3.2.6测试
image.png
http://localhost:83/consumer/payment/nacos/13 轮询负载均衡访问9001,9002
3.3服务注册中心对比
3.3.1图示
3.3.2Nacos支持AP和CP模式的切换
image.png
4.Nacos作为服务配置中心演示
4.1Nacos作为配置中心-基础配置
cloudalibaba-config-nacos-client3377
4.1.2POM依赖
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-config-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--nacos-discovery-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web + actuator-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--一般基础配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
4.1.3YML配置
why配置两个
image.png
bootstrap.yml
server:
port: 3377
spring:
application:
name: nacos-config-client
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #服务注册中心地址
config:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置中心地址
file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置
application.yml
spring:
profiles:
active: dev
4.1.4主启动
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class NacosConfigClientMain3377
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigClientMain3377.class, args);
}
}
4.1.5业务类
@RestController
@RefreshScope //实现配置自动更新
public class ConfigClientController
{
@Value("${config.info}")
private String configInfo;
@GetMapping("/config/info")
public String getConfigInfo() {
return configInfo;
}
}
4.2在Nacos中添加配置信息
4.2.1Nacos中的匹配规则
https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start-spring-cloud.html
image.png
4.2.2新增配置
image.png
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4.2.3设置DataId
${spring.application.name}-${spring.profile.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}
prefix默认为spring.application.name的值
spring.profile.active既为当前环境对应的profile,可以通过配置项spring.profile.active 来配置
file-exetension为配置内容的数据格式,可以通过配置项spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension配置
image.png
4.2.4测试
启动前需要在nacos客户端-配置管理-配置管理栏目下有没有对应的yaml配置文件
运行cloud-config-nacos-client3377的主启动类
调用接口查看配置信息http://localhost:3377/config/info
自带动态刷新,修改下Nacos中的yaml配置文件,再次调用查看配置的接口,就会发现配置已经刷新
4.3Nacos作为配置中心-分类配置
image.png
4.3.1配置管理
image.png
4.3.2命名空间
image.png
4.3.3Namespace+Group+Data ID三者关系?为什么这么设计?
image.png
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4.3.4DataID方案
指定spring.profile.active和配置文件的DataID来使不同环境下读取不同的配置
默认空间+默认分组+新建dev和test两个DataID
通过spring.profile.active属性就能进行多环境下配置文件的读取
image.png
测试
http://localhost:3377/config/info
4.3.5Group方案
通过Group实现环境区分
在nacos图形界面控制台上面新建配置文件DataID
image.png
在config下增加一条group的配置即可。可配置为DEV_GROUP或TEST_GROUP
image.png
4.3.6Namespace方案
新建dev/test的Namespace
image.png
回到服务管理-服务列表查看
image.png
按照域名配置填写
image.png
YML配置
server:
port: 3377
spring:
application:
name: nacos-config-client
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 192.168.1.111:1111 #服务注册中心地址
config:
server-addr: 192.168.1.111:1111 #配置中心地址
file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置
group: TEST_GROUP
namespace: 8bc3b5e4-1ebe-4237-aa89-138589155c48
5.Nacos集群和持久化配置
5.1官网
https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/cluster-mode-quick-start.html
https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/deployment.html
5.1.2架构图
5.1.3高可用
image.png
5.2Nacos持久化配置
Nacos默认自带的是嵌入式数据库derby
https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/blob/develop/config/pom.xml
derby到mysql切换配置步骤
\nacos\conf\nacos-mysql.sql 目录下找到sql脚本
\nacos\conf目录下找到application.properties
spring.datasource.platform=mysql
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/nacos_config?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=root
db.password=123456
5.3Linux版Nacos+MySQL生产环境配置
5.3.1.Linux服务器上mysql数据库配置
image.png
image.png
5.3.2.application.properties配置
\nacos\conf目录下找到application.properties
spring.datasource.platform=mysql
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/nacos_config?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true
db.user=root
db.password=123456
5.3.3.Linux服务器上nacos的集群配置cluster.conf
image.png
image.png
这个IP不能写127.0.0.1,必须是Linux命令hostname -i能够识别的IP
5.3.4.编辑Nacos的启动脚本startup.sh,使它能够接受不同的启动端
5.3.5.Nginx的配置,由它作为负载均衡器
#gzip on;
upstream cluster{
server 127.0.0.1:8846;
server 127.0.0.1:8847;
server 127.0.0.1:8848;
}
server {
listen 1111;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://cluster;
}
5.3.6.截止到此处,1个Nginx+3个nacos注册中心+1个mysql
测试通过nginx访问nacos集群
https://192.168.1.111:1111/nacos/#/login
新建一个配置测试
image.png
linux服务器的mysql插入一条记录
image.png
5.4测试
微服务cloudalibaba-provider-payment9002启动注册进nacos集群
image.png
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