AOP 面向切面编程 (基本上是通过代理机制实现的)
通过提供另一种思考程序的方式来补充OOP(面向对象编程)
AOP是横向抽取,OOP是纵向抽象。
AOP核心概念
- Aspect(切面):将关注点进行模块化。可以使用常规类或使用@Aspect注解来实现切面。
- Join Point(连接点):一个连接点总是代表一个方法的执行。在程序执行过程中某个特定的点,如某方法调用时或异常处理时。
- Advice(通知/增强):在特定的切入点上执行的增强处理,有before,after,afterReturning,afterThrowing,around
- Pointcut(切点):匹配连接点的断言
- Introduction(引入):声明额外的方法或某个类型的字符段
- Target Object(目标对象):被一个或多个切面所通知的对象
- AOP Proxy(AOP代理):AOP框架创建的对象,代理就是目标对象的加强。Spring中的AOP代理可以使JDK动态代理,也可以是CGLIB代理,前者基于接口,后者基于子类
- Weaving(织入):
其中,Advice的主要类型有: - Before Advice(前置通知)
- After Returning Advice(返回后通知)
- After Throwing Advice(抛出异常后通知)
- After (finally)Advice(最后通知)
- Around Advice(环绕通知)
例子
- 1.添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>AOP</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>AOP</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.1.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<aspectj.version>1.9.2</aspectj.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.12</slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--spring-context依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring-aop依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--aspectj依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>${aspectj.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>${aspectj.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring-test依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j日志依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
<!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
- 2.创建接口(Hello)和实现类(HelloImpl)
package com.spring;
public interface Hello {
String hello();
}
package com.spring;
public class HelloImpl implements Hello {
@Override
public String hello() {
return "Hello Spring AOP";
}
}
- 3.前置增强类(MyBeforeAdvice)
package com.spring;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/*
* 用户自定义前置增强类
* */
public class MyBeforeAdvice {
/* private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyBeforeAdvice.class);*/
public void beforeMethod(){
/* logger.debug("This is a before method...");*/
System.out.println("This is a before method");
}
}
- 4.配置文件(bean.xml)
<bean id="hello" class="com.spring.HelloImpl"/>
<bean id="myBeforeAdvice" class="com.spring.MyBeforeAdvice"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect id="before" ref="myBeforeAdvice">
<aop:pointcut id="myPoinCut" expression="execution(* com.spring.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:before method="beforeMethod" pointcut-ref="myPoinCut"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
- 5.应用主类(HelloAPP)
package com.spring;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class HelloAPP {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
Hello hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
System.out.println(hello.hello());
}
}
- 6.运行结果
可以看到:Mybefore的方法被织入到了Hello的调用方法前面,前置增强生效
实战练习
“武松打虎”——武松(Fighter)在山里等着老虎(Tiger)在山里等着老虎(Tiger)出现,只要发现老虎出来,就打老虎。
- 定义业务类型(Tiger类)
package com.spring;
public class Tiger {
public void walk() {
System.out.println("Tiger is walking...");
}
}
- 定义切面和配置---前置通知和后置通知(Fighter类)
package com.spring;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
@Aspect
public class Fighter {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.spring.Tiger.walk())")
public void foundTiger() {//里面不可加代码!!!!
}
@Before(value = "foundTiger()")
public void foundBefore() {
System.out.println("Fighter wait for tiger...");
}
@AfterReturning("foundTiger()")
public void foundAfter() {
System.out.println("Fighter fight with tiger...");
}
}
- 配置文件(bean.xml)
<!--启动aspectj支持-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<!--配置bean-->
<bean id="tiger" class="com.spring.Tiger"/>
<bean id="fighte" class="com.spring.Fighter"/>
- 主程序(FighterApp)
package com.spring;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class FighterApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
Tiger tiger = context.getBean(Tiger.class);
tiger.walk();
}
}
-
运行截图
运行结果.png
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