一、概要

中文文档

Redis 支持 5 中数据类型：string（字符串），hash（哈希），list（列表），set（集合），zset（sorted set：有序集合）。

二、字符串类型操作

1、特点

• 自增、自减

• 位运算

2、常用命令

set/get/decr/incr/mget/incr

3、常用应用场景

• 利用 setbit、getbit、bitcount 统计用户签到、活跃用户（注意：bitcount的start、end参数指的是字符串的位置，不是对应位的位置）

• 利用 INCR做原子计数器，生成唯一序列号

• 设置 key 有效期，上操作锁或者防止短时间内频繁发送短信验证

4、实现原理

String在redis内部存储默认就是一个字符串，被redisObject所引用，当遇到incr、decr等操作时会转成数值型进行计算，此时redisObject的encoding字段为int。

5、命令详解

set

1. 说明

   设置键值

2. 方法名

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n31" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">SET key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX]</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • EX second ：设置键的过期时间为 second 秒。 SET key value EX second 效果等同于 SETEX key second value 。

• PX millisecond ：设置键的过期时间为 millisecond 毫秒。 SET key value PX millisecond 效果等同于 PSETEX key millisecond value 。

  • NX ：只在键不存在时，才对键进行设置操作。 SET key value NX 效果等同于 SETNX key value 。

• XX ：只在键已经存在时，才对键进行设置操作。

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n48" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">set 1 '小红'
   set 2 '小姐姐'
   set key-with-expire-time "hello" EX 60</pre>

setnx

1. 说明

   设置键值(key不存在则设置，否则不做操作)

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n56" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">setnx(key,value)</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：键

   • value：值

get

1. 说明

   通过键获取值

2. 方法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n71" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">get(key)</pre>

setbit

1. 说明

   对二进制表示位进行操作,将值对应的ASCII码变换成二进制后再进行索引

2. 命令

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n79" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">setbit key offset value</pre>

3. 参数

   • key

     键

   • offset

     偏移量,也就是位的索引（将值对应的ASCII码变换成二进制后再进行索引）

   • value

     值只能是 1 或 0

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n94" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;"># 当前的字母是:h, 对应的ASC码是: 104, 对应的二进制数据是: 01101000

   当前的字母是:e, 对应的ASC码是: 101, 对应的二进制数据是: 01100101

   当前的字母是:l, 对应的ASC码是: 108, 对应的二进制数据是: 01101100

   当前的字母是:l, 对应的ASC码是: 108, 对应的二进制数据是: 01101100

   当前的字母是:o, 对应的ASC码是: 111, 对应的二进制数据是: 01101111

   ​
   setbit hello 21 0 # 将第三个l变成h </pre>

getset

1. 说明

   设置新值，返回原值

2. 方法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n102" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">getset key value</pre>

3. 参数

   • key

     键

   • value

     新的值

4. 返回值

   如果存在返回旧的值,否则返回null

5. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n117" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">getset 'key' '小红'</pre>

incr

1. 说明

   自增mount对应的值，当mount不存在时，则创建mount＝amount，否则，则自增,amount为自增数(整数)

2. 方法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n125" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">incr key amount=1</pre>

3. 参数

   • key

     键

   • amount

     当mount不存在时，则创建mount＝amount 默认1，否则，则自增,amount为自增数(整数)

4. 返回值

   返回一个整数，增加后键的值

5. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n140" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">incr 'count1'
   rds.incr 'count2', 2</pre>

getbit

1. 说明

   获取值

2. 命令

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n148" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">getbit key offset</pre>

3. 参数

   • key

     键

   • offset

     偏移量,也就是位的索引（将值对应的ASCII码变换成二进制后再进行索引）

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n160" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">"""
   hello
   01101000|[8]01[10]100101|01101100|01101100|01101111
   """
   getbit hello 8 # 0
   getbit hello 10 # 1</pre>

bitcount

1. 说明

   获取Bitmaps指定范围值为1的个数

2. 命令

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n168" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">bitcount hello</pre>

三、list操作

1、常用命令

lpush/rpush/lpop/rpop/lrange等；

2、应用场景

Redis list的应用场景非常多，也是Redis最重要的数据结构之一，比如微博的关注列表，粉丝列表等都可以用Redis的list结构来实现

3、实现原理

Redis list的实现为一个双向链表，即可以支持反向查找和遍历，更方便操作，不过带来了部分额外的内存开销，Redis内部的很多实现，包括发送缓冲队列等也都是用的这个数据结构。

4、命令详解

lpush

1. 说明

   在key对应的list中添加元素，每个新的元素都添加到列表的最左边

2. 方法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n184" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpush kye values...</pre>

3. 参数

   • key

     键

   • values

     要添加的值

4. 返回值

   值的长度

5. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n199" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpush "li" 2 3 4 5</pre>

rpush

1. 说明

   同lpush，但每个新的元素都添加到列表的最右边

lpushx

1. 说明

   在key对应的list中添加元素，只有key已经存在时，值添加到列表的最左边

2. 方法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n212" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpushx key value</pre>

3. 参数

   同上

4. 栗子

5. <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n219" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpushx li 1</pre>

lrange

1. 说明

   分片获取元素

2. 命令

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n227" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lrange key start stop</pre>

3. 参数

   • key 键

   • start 开始索引位置

   • stop 结束的索引位置

4. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n239" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lrange li 0 -1</pre>

lpop/rpop

1. 说明

   移除列表的左侧第一个元素

2. 命令

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n247" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpop key</pre>

3. 参数

   key 键

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n253" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">lpop li</pre>

四、hash操作

常用命令

hget/hset/hgetall等

应用场景

redis中的Hash在内存中一个键。对应一个map来存储 我们要存储一个用户信息对象数据，其中包括用户ID、用户姓名、手机，通过用户ID我们希望获取该用户的姓名或者其它信息

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n260" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">user:uid:1 username,hehe
user:uid:1 phone 110
</pre>

实现原理

set 的内部实现是一个 value永远为null的HashMap，实际就是通过计算hash的方式来快速排重的，这也是set能提供判断一个成员是否在集合内的原因。

命令详解

hget/hset/hgetall

hset

1. 说明

   key对应的hash中设置一个键值对（不存在，则创建，否则，修改）

2. 语法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n273" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;"> hset key key value</pre>

3. 参数

   • key redis的键

   • key hash的键

   • value hash对应的值

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n285" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">hset user userkey qq123456 </pre>

hset

1. 说明

   获取key对应的hash中值

2. 语法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n293" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;"> hset key key </pre>

3. 参数

   • key redis的键

   • key hash的键

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n303" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">hget user userkey </pre>

hgetall

1. 说明

   获取hash中对应值的所有键

2. 语法

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n311" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">hgetall key</pre>

3. 参数

   key: 键

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n317" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">hset user phone 110

   hagetall user</pre>

其它

• hincrby 对应的hash的值递增

• hlen 获取元素的个数

• hkeys 是否包含key

• hvals 是否包含值

• hdel 删除键支持简单的正则

五 、set相关操作

1、说明

Redis set对外提供的功能与list类似是一个列表的功能，特殊之处在于set是可以自动排重的，当你需要存储一个列表数据，又不希望出现重复数据时，set是一个很好的选择

2、常用命令

sadd/spop/smembers/sunion等

3、特点

• 唯一性

• 差集、并集

4、常用应用场景

• 利用交并集操作，可以查找共同好友、好友推荐

• 利用差集操作，可以求出新增用户（[利用Redis集合（Set）统计新增用户和次日留存率）

• 利用唯一性，可以统计网站UV

5、命令详解

sadd

1. 说明

   添加集合

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n358" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">sadd key value.. </pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：键

   • value：值

4. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n368" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">sadd numbers 1 2 3 1 1
   sadd k1 "hello" "niuniu"
   sadd k2 "jiaojiao" "hello" "world"</pre>

sdiff

1. 说明

   返回给定键所有集合的差集

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n376" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">SDIFF key [key ...]</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：键

   • key：键

4. 举个栗子 ​

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n386" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">sadd k1 "hello" "niuniu"
   sadd k2 "jiaojiao" "hello" "world"
   SDIFF k1 k2</pre>

smembers

1. 说明

   获取集合中的所有的成员。 不存在的集合 key 被视为空集合

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n394" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">SMEMBERS KEY VALUE </pre>

3. 参数说明

   key：键

   value：值

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n401" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">sadd k1 "hello"
   sadd k1 "niuniu"
   SMEMBERS k1</pre>

spop

1. 说明

   移除key对应集合中最右边(即最后面)的元素

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n409" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">spop key </pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：键

4. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n417" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">spop k1</pre>

sunion

1. 说明

   令返回给定集合的并集。不存在的集合 key 被视为空集

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n425" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">SUNION KEY KEY1..KEYN</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：集合的键

4. 栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n433" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">sadd k1 "hello"
   sadd k1 "niuniu"
   sadd k2 "jiaojiao"
   sadd k2 "hello"
   sadd k2 "world"

   SUNION k1 k2</pre>

六、有序集合相关操作

1、常用命令

zadd/zrange/zrem/zcard等

2、特点

• 有序，自由实现堆、栈的功能

• 轮询监控

• 索引取区间

3、常用应用场景

• 利用 LTRIM key start stop获取网站最后5个访问用户、最新消息排行榜

• 利用PUSH POP当成队列，进行多任务处理

• 利用BRPOPLPUSH key1 key1 time,使用相同的key作为BRPOPLPUSH的两个参数，无限循环整个列表，比如：一个服务器监控程序，并行检查一组网站，确保网站的可访问性

• 利用BRPOP key time进行事件提醒，在新元素到达时立即处理，新元素未到达一直阻塞住，避免轮询占用资源

4、实现原理

set 的内部实现是一个 value永远为null的HashMap，实际就是通过计算hash的方式来快速排重的，这也是set能提供判断一个成员是否在集合内的原因。

5、命令详解

zincrby

1. 说明

   命令对有序集合中指定成员的分数加上增量 increment

   可以通过传递一个负数值 increment ，让分数减去相应的值，比如 ZINCRBY key -5 member ，就是让 member 的 score 值减去 5 。

   当 key 不存在，或分数不是 key 的成员时， ZINCRBY key increment member 等同于 ZADD key increment member 。

   当 key 不是有序集类型时，返回一个错误。

   分数值可以是整数值或双精度浮点数。

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n469" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zincrby key increment member</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key：键

   • increment：值

   • amount：分数自增值

4. 举个栗子 ​

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n481" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">ZINCRBY hot 1 "华为mate30发布会"
   ZINCRBY hot 1 "华为mate30发布会"
   ZINCRBY hot 1 "华为mate30发布会"
   ZINCRBY hot 1000 "华为mate30发布会"
   ZINCRBY hot 1 "杨紫荷叶边半裙"
   ZINCRBY hot 1 "杨紫荷叶边半裙"
   ZINCRBY hot 1 "杨紫荷叶边半裙"

   按分数升序

   zrange 'hot' 0 -1

   按分数降序

   zrevrange 'hot' 0 -1
   </pre>

zadd

1. 说明

   在name对应的有序集合中添加元素，分数越小，越靠前

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n489" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;"> zadd key_name score value.. score value</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • key_name：键

   • score 分数

   • value

4. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n501" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zadd hot 1 "华为mate发布会" 2 "斗鱼三骚"</pre>

zcard

1. 说明

   获取key对应的有序集合的元素个数

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n509" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zcard key</pre>

3. 参数说明

   key：键

4. 举个栗子

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n515" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zcard hot</pre>

zcount

1. 说明

   获取key对应的有序集合中，min<=分数<=max中的元素个数

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n523" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zcount key,min,max </pre>

3. 参数说明

   • name：键

   • min：小值(分数)

   • max：大值(分数)

4. 举个栗子 ​

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n535" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zcount hot 1 9 </pre>

zrange

1. 说明

   获取name对应的有序集合中,start<=下标<=end的所有数据。

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n543" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • name：键

   • start：起始位置

   • end：结束位置

   • withscores：是否获取分数,默认False

4. 举个栗子 ​

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n557" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zrange 'hot' 0 -1 WITHSCORES</pre>

zrem

1. 说明

   移除有序集中的一个或多个成员，不存在的成员将被忽略

2. 语法格式

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n565" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zrem key member</pre>

3. 参数说明

   • name：键

   • member

4. 举个栗子 ​

   <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n575" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit;">zrem hot "华为mate发布会"</pre>