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SpringCloud(第 017 篇)电影微服务接入Feign

SpringCloud(第 017 篇)电影微服务接入Feign

作者: HMILYYLIMH | 来源:发表于2017-09-24 09:37 被阅读95次

    SpringCloud(第 017 篇)电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级

    一、大致介绍

    1、在一些场景中,简单的触发在 FeignClient 加入 Fallback 属性即可,而另外有一些场景需要访问导致回退触发的原因,那么这个时候可以在 FeignClient 中加入 FallbackFactory 属性即可;
    2、而在使用 Fallback 和 FallbackFactory 时候,我仅仅表述个人观点,发现二者混合一起用的话,会发生冲突情况,所以大家用的时候注重考虑一下场景,二者属性用其一即可。
    

    二、实现步骤

    2.1 添加 maven 引用包

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.springms.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>springms-spring-cloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!-- web模块 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- 客户端发现模块 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- Java HTTP 客户端开发的工具的模块 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- Hystrix 模块 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>
    

    2.2 添加应用配置文件(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\resources\application.yml)

    spring:
      application:
        name: springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory
    server:
      port: 8115
    eureka:
      client:
    #    healthcheck:
    #      enabled: true
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://admin:admin@localhost:8761/eureka
      instance:
        prefer-ip-address: true
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
    
    
    # 解决第一次请求报超时异常的方案,因为 hystrix 的默认超时时间是 1 秒,因此请求超过该时间后,就会出现页面超时显示 :
    #
    # 这里就介绍大概三种方式来解决超时的问题,解决方案如下:
    #
    # 第一种方式:将 hystrix 的超时时间设置成 5000 毫秒
    hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
    #
    # 或者:
    # 第二种方式:将 hystrix 的超时时间直接禁用掉,这样就没有超时的一说了,因为永远也不会超时了
    # hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false
    #
    # 或者:
    # 第三种方式:索性禁用feign的hystrix支持
    # feign.hystrix.enabled: false ## 索性禁用feign的hystrix支持
    
    # 超时的issue:https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-netflix/issues/768
    # 超时的解决方案: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27375557/hystrix-command-fails-with-timed-out-and-no-fallback-available
    # hystrix配置: https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/Configuration#execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
    

    2.3 添加实体用户类User(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\entity\User.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.entity;
    
    import java.math.BigDecimal;
    
    public class User {
    
        private Long id;
    
        private String username;
    
        private String name;
    
        private Short age;
    
        private BigDecimal balance;
    
        public Long getId() {
            return this.id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return this.username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return this.name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Short getAge() {
            return this.age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Short age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public BigDecimal getBalance() {
            return this.balance;
        }
    
        public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {
            this.balance = balance;
        }
    
    }
    

    2.4 添加访问远端用户微服务 Feign 客户端(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.feign;
    
    import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    /**
     * 用户Http请求的客户端。
     *
     * 注解FeignClient的传参:表示的是注册到 Eureka 服务上的模块名称。
     *
     * @author hmilyylimh
     *
     * @version 0.0.1
     *
     * @date 2017/9/24
     *
     */
    @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", /*fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class,*/ fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)
    public interface UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient {
    
        /**
         * 这里有两个坑需要注意:<br/>
         *
         * <li>这里需要设置请求的方式为 RequestMapping 注解,用 GetMapping 注解是运行不成功的,即 GetMapping 不支持。</li>
         * <li>注解 PathVariable 里面需要填充变量的名字,不然也是运行不成功的。</li>
         *
         * @param id
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }
    

    2.5 添加访问远端用户微服务 Fallback 类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\HystrixClientFallback.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.feign;
    
    import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * Hystrix 客户端回退机制类。
     *
     * 这里加上注解 Component 的目的:就是因为没有这个注解,运行时候会报错,报错会说没有该类的这个实例,所以我们就想到要实例化这个类,因此加了这个注解。
     *
     * @author hmilyylimh
     *
     * @version 0.0.1
     *
     * @date 2017/9/24
     *
     */
    @Component
    public class HystrixClientFallback implements UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient {
    
        @Override
        public User findById(Long id) {
    
            System.out.println("======== findById Fallback " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    
            User tmpUser = new User();
            tmpUser.setId(0L);
            return tmpUser;
        }
    }
    

    2.6 添加访问远端用户微服务 FallbackFactory 类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\HystrixClientFallbackFactory.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.feign;
    
    import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
    import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * Hystrix 客户端回退机制类。
     *
     * 这里加上注解 Component 的目的:就是因为没有这个注解,运行时候会报错,报错会说没有该类的这个实例,所以我们就想到要实例化这个类,因此加了这个注解。
     *
     * @author hmilyylimh
     *
     * @version 0.0.1
     *
     * @date 2017/9/24
     *
     */
    @Component
    public class HystrixClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient> {
    
        private static final Logger Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class);
    
        @Override
        public UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient create(Throwable e) {
    
            Logger.info("fallback; reason was: {}", e.getMessage());
            System.out.println("======== UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient.create " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    
            return new UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient(){
    
                @Override
                public User findById(Long id) {
                    System.out.println("======== findById FallBackFactory " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    
                    User tmpUser = new User();
                    tmpUser.setId(-1L);
                    return tmpUser;
                }
            };
        }
    }
    
    /****************************************************************************************
     @FeignClient(name = "hello", fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)
     protected interface HystrixClient {
         @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/hello")
         Hello iFailSometimes();
     }
    
     @Component
     static class HystrixClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<HystrixClient> {
         @Override
         public HystrixClient create(Throwable cause) {
            return new HystrixClientWithFallBackFactory() {
                 @Override
                 public Hello iFailSometimes() {
                    return new Hello("fallback; reason was: " + cause.getMessage());
                }
            };
         }
     }
     ****************************************************************************************/
    

    2.7 添加回退处理客户端类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.feign;
    
    /**
     * 回退处理客户端。
     *
     * @author hmilyylimh
     *
     * @version 0.0.1
     *
     * @date 2017/9/24
     *
     */
    public interface UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient extends UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient{
    }
    

    2.8 添加Web访问层Controller(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\controller\MovieFeignHystrixFactoryController.java)

    package com.springms.cloud.controller;
    
    import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
    import com.springms.cloud.feign.UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class MovieFeignHystrixFactoryController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient userFeignHystrixFactoryClient;
    
        @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
        public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
            System.out.println("======== findById Controller " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return userFeignHystrixFactoryClient.findById(id);
        }
    }
    

    2.9 添加电影微服务启动类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-custom-without-hystrix\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\MsConsumerMovieFeignCustomWithoutHystrixApplication.java)

    package com.springms.cloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    /**
     * 电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级。
     *
     * Feign: Java HTTP 客户端开发的工具。
     *
     * 注解 EnableFeignClients 表示该电影微服务已经接入 Feign 模块。
     *
     * @author hmilyylimh
     *
     * @version 0.0.1
     *
     * @date 2017/9/24
     *
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class MsConsumerMovieFeignHystrixFactoryApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MsConsumerMovieFeignHystrixFactoryApplication.class, args);
            System.out.println("【【【【【【 电影Feign-HystrixFactory微服务 】】】】】】已启动.");
        }
    }
    

    三、测试

    /****************************************************************************************
     一、电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级(测试正常接入功能):
    
     1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
     2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component ;加入 FeignClient 注解
        // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class  )
     3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
     6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;
     ****************************************************************************************/
    
    /****************************************************************************************
     二、电影FeignHystrix-HystrixFactory微服务接入 HystrixFactory 功能模块(测试断路器功能):
    
     1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
     2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component,UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 加上 fallbackFactory 属性;
        // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class, fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class )
     3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
     6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;
    
     7、停止 springms-provider-user 模块服务;
     8、在浏览器输入地址http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到用户信息ID = 0 的用户成功的被打印出来,但随着问题也来了;
     9、HystrixClientFallbackFactory 截获的异常却没有被打印出来,本来用户微服务停止的话,请求链接就已经链接超时了,但是为啥异常没有打印出来呢?请看下面第三中测试方法。
     ****************************************************************************************/
    
    /****************************************************************************************
     三、电影FeignHystrix-HystrixFactory微服务接入 HystrixFactory 功能模块(测试断路器功能):
    
     1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
     2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component,UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 去掉 fallback 属性,然后加上 fallbackfactory 属性;
        // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class )
     3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
     5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
     6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;
    
     7、停止 springms-provider-user 模块服务;
     8、在浏览器输入地址http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到用户信息ID = -1 的用户成功的被打印出来,而且异常信息日志也被打印出来了,这就正常了;
    
     注意:第2步骤:UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 去掉 fallback 属性,然后加上 fallbackfactory 属性;
          所以这里目前暂时谨记,fallback 和 fallbackfactory 属性会有冲突,所以只要其一就行了;
     ****************************************************************************************/
    

    四、下载地址

    https://gitee.com/ylimhhmily/SpringCloudTutorial.git

    SpringCloudTutorial交流QQ群: 235322432

    SpringCloudTutorial交流微信群: 微信沟通群二维码图片链接

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