NSApp — App状态及其通知

作者: goyohol | 来源:发表于2021-05-30 16:44 被阅读0次

NSApp在各种状态时会执行的回调方法：（在NSApplication.h文件中）

/* Notifications:
 */
- (void)applicationWillFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillHide:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidHide:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillBecomeActive:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidResignActive:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillUpdate:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidUpdate:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidChangeScreenParameters:(NSNotification *)notification;
- (void)applicationDidChangeOcclusionState:(NSNotification *)notification API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.9));

对应在‘AppDelegate.Swift’文件中的Swift代码：

//MARK:NSApp的状态
func applicationWillFinishLaunching(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification
    print("applicationWillFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ aNotification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification
    // Insert code here to initialize your application
    print("applicationDidFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationWillHide(_ notification: Notification) {    //NSApplication.willHideNotification
    print("applicationWillHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidHide(_ notification: Notification) {     //NSApplication.didHideNotification
    print("applicationDidHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationWillUnhide(_ notification: Notification) {  //NSApplication.willUnhideNotification
    print("applicationWillUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidUnhide(_ notification: Notification) {   //NSApplication.didUnhideNotification
    print("applicationDidUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationWillBecomeActive(_ notification: Notification) {//NSApplication.willBecomeActiveNotification
    print("applicationWillBecomeActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidBecomeActive(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification
    print("applicationDidBecomeActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationWillResignActive(_ notification: Notification) {//NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification
    print("applicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidResignActive(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didResignActiveNotification
    print("applicationDidResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
//func applicationWillUpdate(_ notification: Notification) {  //NSApplication.willUpdateNotification
//    print("applicationWillUpdate \(NSDate() .description)")
// 
// }
// func applicationDidUpdate(_ notification: Notification) {   //NSApplication.didUpdateNotification
//     print("applicationDidUpdate \(NSDate() .description)")
// 
// }
func applicationWillTerminate(_ aNotification: Notification) {  //NSApplication.willTerminateNotification
    // Insert code here to tear down your application
    print("applicationWillTerminate \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidChangeScreenParameters(_ notification: Notification) {   //NSApplication.didChangeScreenParametersNotification
    print("applicationDidChangeScreenParameters \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidChangeOcclusionState(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didChangeOcclusionStateNotification
    print("applicationDidChangeOcclusionState \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

运行效果：部分可触发的状态，会直接响应上述的相应方法！

响应的方法：
applicationWillFinishLaunching、applicationDidFinishLaunching、applicationWillBecomeActive、applicationDidBecomeActive、applicationWillResignActive、applicationDidResignActive、applicationDidChangeOcclusionState、applicationDidChangeScreenParameters！

若还需要响应 其他特定的方法，需要完成相应的操作：（以下举2个例子🌰）

🌰1.让NSApp执行.hide()和.unhide()，会分别响应applicationWillHide/applicationDidHide回调和 applicationWillUnhide/applicationDidUnhide回调！

书写如下逻辑代码：启动App后，延时5s执行NSApp .hide(nil)来隐藏App，再延时3s执行NSApp .unhide(nil)来取消隐藏App！
（不相关的打印代码都注释掉）

//MARK:NSApp的状态
func applicationWillFinishLaunching(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification
    print("applicationWillFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ aNotification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification
    // Insert code here to initialize your application
    print("applicationDidFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 5.0) {//延时5s
        NSApp .hide(nil)    //隐藏App
        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 3.0) {//延时3s
            NSApp .unhide(nil)//取消隐藏App
        }
    }
}
func applicationWillHide(_ notification: Notification) {    //NSApplication.willHideNotification
    print("applicationWillHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidHide(_ notification: Notification) {     //NSApplication.didHideNotification
    print("applicationDidHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationWillUnhide(_ notification: Notification) {  //NSApplication.willUnhideNotification
    print("applicationWillUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidUnhide(_ notification: Notification) {   //NSApplication.didUnhideNotification
    print("applicationDidUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

效果：启动App后，延时5s时隐藏App并打印‘applicationWillHide’、‘applicationDidHide’的信息，再延时3s取消隐藏App并打印‘applicationWillUnhide’、‘applicationDidUnhide’的信息！

🌰2.让NSApp执行.terminate()方法关闭App，会响应applicationWillTerminate方法！

书写如下逻辑代码：启动App后，延时5s执行NSApp .terminate(nil)来关闭App！
（不相关的打印代码都注释掉）

//MARK:NSApp的状态
func applicationWillFinishLaunching(_ notification: Notification) { //NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification
    print("applicationWillFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ aNotification: Notification) { //NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification
    // Insert code here to initialize your application
    print("applicationDidFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 5.0) {//延时5s
        print("NSApp .terminate——before \(NSDate() .description)")
        NSApp .terminate(nil)//NSApp (直接)关闭
        print("NSApp .terminate——after \(NSDate() .description)")//‘.terminate’方法之后的代码不会再执行
    }
    
}
func applicationWillTerminate(_ aNotification: Notification) {  //NSApplication.willTerminateNotification
    // Insert code here to tear down your application
    print("applicationWillTerminate \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

效果：启动App后，延时5s时会关闭App并打印‘applicationWillTerminate’的信息！

NSApp状态对应的通知（Notifications）

NSApplicationWillFinishLaunchingNotification
Posted at the start of the finishLaunching method to indicate that the app has completed its initialization process and is about to finish launching.
在finishLaunching方法开始时发送通知，以表示应用程序已经完成了初始化过程并即将完成启动。
Swift中：NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification
NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification
Posted at the end of the finishLaunching method to indicate that the app has completed launching and is ready to run.
在finishLaunching方法结束时发送通知，以表示应用程序已经完成了启动并准备运行。
Swift中：NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification
NSApplicationWillHideNotification
Posted at the start of the hide: method to indicate that the app is about to be hidden.
在hide:方法开始时发送通知，以表示应用程序即将隐藏。
Swift中：NSApplication.willHideNotification
NSApplicationDidHideNotification
Posted at the end of the hide: method to indicate that the app is now hidden.
在hide:方法结束时发送通知，以表示应用程序现在被隐藏了。
Swift中：NSApplication.didHideNotification
NSApplicationWillUnhideNotification
Posted at the start of the unhideWithoutActivation method to indicate that the app is about to become visible.
在unhideWithoutActivation方法开始时发送通知，以表示应用程序即将变得可见。
Swift中：NSApplication.willUnhideNotification
NSApplicationDidUnhideNotification
Posted at the end of the unhideWithoutActivation method to indicate that the app is now visible.
在unhideWithoutActivation方法结束时发送通知，以表示应用程序现在(已经)是可见的。
Swift中：NSApplication.didUnhideNotification
NSApplicationWillBecomeActiveNotification
Posted immediately before the app becomes active.
在应用程序即将变为活跃状态之前，立即发送通知。
Swift中：NSApplication.willBecomeActiveNotification
NSApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification
Posted immediately after the app becomes active.
在应用程序变为活跃状态之后，立即发送通知。
Swift中：NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification
NSApplicationWillResignActiveNotification
Posted immediately before the app gives up its active status to another app.
在应用程序即将放弃其活跃状态之前，立即发送通知到另一个应用程序。
Swift中：NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification
NSApplicationDidResignActiveNotification
Posted immediately after the app gives up its active status to another app.
在应用程序放弃其活跃状态之后，立即发送通知到另一个应用程序。
Swift中：NSApplication.didResignActiveNotification
NSApplicationWillUpdateNotification
Posted at the start of the updateWindows method to indicate that the app is about to update its windows.
在updateWindows方法开始时发送通知，以表示应用程序即将更新其窗口。
Swift中：NSApplication.willUpdateNotification
NSApplicationDidUpdateNotification
Posted at the end of the updateWindows method to indicate that the app has finished updating its windows.
在updateWindows方法结束时发送通知，以表示应用程序已经完成了窗口的更新。
Swift中：NSApplication.didUpdateNotification
NSApplicationWillTerminateNotification
Posted by the terminate: method to indicate that the app will terminate.
由terminate:方法发送通知，以表示应用程序将终止。
Swift中：NSApplication.willTerminateNotification
NSApplicationDidChangeScreenParametersNotification
Posted when the configuration of the displays attached to the computer is changed.
当计算机所连接显示器的配置更改时，发送通知。
Swift中：NSApplication.didChangeScreenParametersNotification
NSApplicationDidChangeOcclusionStateNotification
Posted when the app’s occlusion state changes.
当应用程序的阻塞状态改变时，发送通知。
Swift中：NSApplication.didChangeOcclusionStateNotification

窗口(windows)的状态：

NSApplicationDidFinishRestoringWindowsNotification
Posted when the app is finished restoring windows.
当应用程序完成恢复窗口时，发送通知。
Swift中：NSApplication.didFinishRestoringWindowsNotification

使用时的代码：在视图控制器(ViewController)中添加App状态相关的通知、通知的响应方法，在App的相应状态时以可响应其方法来进行相关操作！

func deleteAllAppStatusNotification() {
    //删除App状态相关的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willHideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didHideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willUnhideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didUnhideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willUpdateNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didUpdateNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didChangeScreenParametersNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.didChangeOcclusionStateNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .removeObserver(self, name: NSApplication.willTerminateNotification, object: nil)        
}

override func viewWillAppear() {
    super.viewWillAppear()
    
    //添加App状态相关的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillHide), name: NSApplication.willHideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidHide), name: NSApplication.didHideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillUnhide), name: NSApplication.willUnhideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidUnhide), name: NSApplication.didUnhideNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillBecomeActive), name: NSApplication.willBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidBecomeActive), name: NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillResignActive), name: NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidResignActive), name: NSApplication.didResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
    //NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillUpdate), name: NSApplication.willUpdateNotification, object: nil)
    //NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidUpdate), name: NSApplication.didUpdateNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillFinishLaunching), name: NSApplication.willFinishLaunchingNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidFinishLaunching), name: NSApplication.didFinishLaunchingNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidChangeScreenParameters), name: NSApplication.didChangeScreenParametersNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationDidChangeOcclusionState), name: NSApplication.didChangeOcclusionStateNotification, object: nil)
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillTerminate), name: NSApplication.willTerminateNotification, object: nil)
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillHide() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidHide() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidHide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillUnhide() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidUnhide() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidUnhide \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillBecomeActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillBecomeActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidBecomeActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidBecomeActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillResignActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidResignActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillUpdate() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillUpdate \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidUpdate() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidUpdate \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillFinishLaunching() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidFinishLaunching() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidFinishLaunching \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidChangeScreenParameters() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidChangeScreenParameters \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationDidChangeOcclusionState() {
    print("notifyApplicationDidChangeOcclusionState \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillTerminate() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillTerminate \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

运行效果：
a.部分可触发的状态，会直接响应上述的相应方法！
b.通知对应响应方法的打印在最后——等到AppDelegate里面方法回调中的打印出来，才执行自己的打印！

Tips：NSApp状态对应注册通知的响应方法，执行上是需要等到AppDelegate里面方法回调被执行完毕了才会调用！
这点和在iOS中也是一样~

针对：通知对应响应方法的打印在最后——等到AppDelegate里面方法回调中的打印出来，才执行自己的打印！

如下以’放弃其活跃状态‘(’WillResignActive‘)为例子🌰~ 其他状态同理！

验证代码-1：

在‘AppDelegate’里面：（不相关的打印代码都注释掉）

func applicationWillResignActive(_ notification: Notification) {//NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification
    print("applicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
    print("applicationWillResignActive opreation \(NSDate() .description)")//非延时操作
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 1.0) {//异步—延时操作
        print("applicationWillResignActive  async delay opreation \(NSDate() .description)")
    }
    print("applicationWillResignActive opreation2 \(NSDate() .description)")//非延时操作
    
    //sleep(2)//阻塞延时2s
    //print("applicationWillResignActive blocked delay opreation3 \(NSDate() .description)")
}

在‘ViewController’中：

override func viewWillAppear() {
    super.viewWillAppear()
    
    //添加App状态相关的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillResignActive), name: NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
}

@objc func notifyApplicationWillResignActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

执行效果：‘异步—延时操作’在最后才执行！

验证代码-2：

在‘AppDelegate’里面：（不相关的打印代码都注释掉）

func applicationWillResignActive(_ notification: Notification) {//NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification
    print("applicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
    print("applicationWillResignActive opreation \(NSDate() .description)")//非延时操作
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + 1.0) {//异步—延时操作
        print("applicationWillResignActive  async delay opreation \(NSDate() .description)")
    }
    print("applicationWillResignActive opreation2 \(NSDate() .description)")//非延时操作
    
    sleep(2)//阻塞延时2s
    print("applicationWillResignActive blocked delay opreation3 \(NSDate() .description)")
}

在‘ViewController’中：

override func viewWillAppear() {
    super.viewWillAppear()
    
    //添加App状态相关的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillResignActive), name: NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
}

@objc func notifyApplicationWillResignActive() {
    print("notifyApplicationWillResignActive \(NSDate() .description)")
    
}

执行效果：‘异步—延时操作’在最后才执行！‘阻塞延时2s’会影响‘异步—延时操作’！

新需求：快速响应App状态变化

若需要一收到相应状态，就执行对应的操作：
可在‘func applicationWillResignActive(_ notification: Notification)’方法的开头就进行相应操作 — 发送一个自己命名的通知，比如‘NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "selfDefine_NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification")’！

在'AppDelegate.swift'中：在applicationWillResignActive方法中的开头，发送自己命名的通知！

func applicationWillResignActive(_ notification: Notification) {
    NotificationCenter .default .post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "selfDefine_NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification"), object: nil)
    print("start operation! applicationWillResignActive")
    
    print("in operation! applicationWillResignActive")
    
    print("end operation! applicationWillResignActive")
}

在'ViewController.swift'中：添加通知并书写其响应方法~

override func viewWillAppear() {
    super.viewWillAppear()
    //添加App状态相关的通知
    //【一】系统默认的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(notifyApplicationWillResignActive), name: NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification, object: nil)
    //【二】自定义的通知
    NotificationCenter .default .addObserver(self, selector: #selector(selfDefine_notifyApplicationWillResignActive), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "selfDefine_NSApplication.willResignActiveNotification"), object: nil)
    
}
@objc func notifyApplicationWillResignActive() {//【一】系统默认的通知
    print("notifyApplicationWillResignActive")
}
@objc func selfDefine_notifyApplicationWillResignActive() {//【二】自定义的通知
    print("selfDefine_notifyApplicationWillResignActive")
}

打印效果：自定义的通知—响应最先执行，而系统默认的通知—最后才执行~

selfDefine_notifyApplicationWillResignActive
start operation! applicationWillResignActive
in operation! applicationWillResignActive
end operation! applicationWillResignActive
notifyApplicationWillResignActive

以上便是讨论了NSApp对应的App状态~
关于macOS系统状态的讨论，请参考《macOS系统的状态切换及其响应方法》！

goyohol's essay

NSApp — App状态及其通知

NSApp状态对应的通知（Notifications）

验证代码-1：

验证代码-2：

新需求：快速响应App状态变化

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