1.背景
之前介绍了如果备份的步骤,现在将其整理成tool了,方便大家使用。
👳♂️之前的流程:
需要手动编辑一下sh及cron文件;
##################
## Step1: rsync ##
##################
## 编辑你需要同步的文件
$ touch rsync.sh
#!/bin/bash
rsync -ahzv /dev/pgm/ ~/sync/ > /dev/null 2>&1
echo '#!/bin/bash' > rsync.sh
echo 'rsync -ahzv /dev/pgm/ ~/sync/' >> rsync.sh
# --include '*.sas' --exclude '*.txt'
# ~/sync/$(date +%F)
####################
## Step2:crontab ##
####################
$ crontab -e
# DT:Execute rsync-sh script every day at 03: 00
# 每天凌晨三点钟,同步到自己的home目录下;
* 3 * * * sh ~/rsync.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
👶更新后流程:
### 备份
Crontab_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *"
2.代码
#!/bin/bash
#####################################################################
# Program: Cron_backup.sh
# Programmer: Kai Cao
# Date: 11Jan2021
# Study: all study
# Version: 1.0
# Input : Source Target Crontab
#
###################################################################
# MODIFICATIONS:
# Programmer:
# Date:
# Reason:
#
###################################################################/
##############################
# set shell function about uasge
##############################
# uasge help page
usage() {
echo "Usage:"
echo -e " Cron_backup.sh [-s Source] [-t Target] [-c Crontab] [-l] [-r] [-d DeleteRow]"
echo -e ' Cron_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *" -p'
echo -e " Cron_backup.sh -d 1,2 "
echo -e " Cron_backup.sh -l \n"
echo "Description:"
echo -e " Back up important code regularly\n By default, the files that were last synchronized are overwritten\n"
echo "Options:"
echo -e " s Source : The path or type of file you want to back up. "
echo ' such as : "./test1/*.sas" '
echo -e " t Target : The path you want to synchronize. "
echo ' such as : "./test2" '
echo -e " c Crontab : Enter crontab syntax timing. \n\t\t such as : '* 3 * * *' means Every morning at three o 'clock"
echo -e " l ListCron : Print all scheduled tasks .\n"
echo -e " r RemoveAll : Remove all scheduled tasks \n"
echo -e " d DeleteRow : Which row you want delect.\n\t\t such as : 1,2 or '1,2'\n"
exit -1
}
##############################
# step1:parse crontab_tool parameter
##############################
# default parameter
PackageDaily="FALSE"
ListCron="FALSE"
RemoveAll="FALSE"
# parse arguement
while getopts s:t:c:d:lr option
do
case "${option}" in
s) Source=${OPTARG};;
t) Target=${OPTARG};;
c) Crontab=${OPTARG};;
l) ListCron="TRUE";;
r) RemoveAll="TRUE";;
d) DeleteRow=${OPTARG};;
h) usage;;
?) usage;;
esac
done
# print parameter
#echo -e "\n\033[1;33m[Parse parameter]\033[0m"
#echo -e " Source : $Source
# Target : $Target
# Crontab : $Crontab
# ListCron : $ListCron
# RemoveAll : $RemoveAll
# DeleteRow : $DeleteRow\n"
##############################
# step2: list the crontab content
##############################
# source && target && crontab variale not missing
if [ -n "$Source" ] && [ -n "$Target" ] && [ -n "$Crontab" ]; then
# add_cron_backup
echo -e "\033[1;31m[Backup Information]\033[0m"
echo -e "\tOverwrites the last backup file "
echo -e "\t${Crontab} rsync -ahzv ${Source} ${Target}> /dev/null 2>&1"
echo "${Crontab} rsync -ahzv ${Source} ${Target} > /dev/null 2>&1">> ~/.crontab.cron
# update crontab file
crontab ~/.crontab.cron
echo -e "\n\033[1;33mSuccessfully adding!\n\033[0m"
fi
##############################
# step3: list the crontab content
##############################
if [ ${ListCron} = "TRUE" ]; then
echo -e "\n\033[1;33m[Crontab content]\033[0m"
crontab -l
echo -e "\n"
fi
##############################
# step4: remove all the crontab
##############################
if [ ${RemoveAll} = "TRUE" ]; then
echo -e "\n\033[1;31m*** Warning! All crontabs have been cleared ***\033[0m"
crontab -r
rm -rf ~/.crontab.cron
echo -e "\n"
fi
##############################
# step5: delete which row
##############################
if [ ${#DeleteRow} != 0 ]; then
# print before cron
echo -e "\n\033[1;33m[Before delete]\033[0m"
crontab -l
# remove imfo
echo -e "\n\033[1;31mRemove rows: ${DeleteRow} \033[0m"
# print new cron
echo -e "\n\033[1;33m[After delete]\033[0m\n"
sed -i ${DeleteRow}d ~/.crontab.cron
crontab ~/.crontab.cron
crontab -l
fi
# Cron_backup.sh -s "./" -t "hello" -c "* * * * *"
# Cron_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *"
3.Usage
3.1 参数解析:
$ Crontab_backup.sh -h
Usage:
Cron_backup.sh [-s Source] [-t Target] [-c Crontab] [-l] [-r] [-d DeleteRow]
Cron_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *" -p
Cron_backup.sh -d "1,2"
Cron_backup.sh -l
Description:
Back up important code regularly
By default, the files that were last synchronized are overwritten
Options:
s Source : The path or type of file you want to back up.
such as : "./test1/*.sas"
t Target : The path you want to synchronize.
such as : "./test2"
c Crontab : Enter crontab syntax timing.
such as : '* 3 * * *' means Every morning at three o 'clock
l ListCron : Print all scheduled tasks .
r RemoveAll : Remove all scheduled tasks
d DeleteRow : Which row you want delect.
such as : "1,2"
3.2 Crontab format
用户所建立的crontab文件中,每一行都代表一项任务,每行的每个字段代表一项设置,它的格式共分为六个字段,前五段是时间设定段,第六段是要执行的命令段,格式如下:
minute hour day month week command
其中:
- minute: 表示分钟,可以是从0到59之间的任何整数。
- hour:表示小时,可以是从0到23之间的任何整数。
- day:表示日期,可以是从1到31之间的任何整数。
- month:表示月份,可以是从1到12之间的任何整数。
- week:表示星期几,可以是从0到7之间的任何整数,这里的0或7代表星期日。
- command:要执行的命令,可以是系统命令,也可以是自己编写的脚本文件。
在以上各个字段中,还可以使用以下特殊字符:
星号():代表所有可能的值,例如month字段如果是星号,则表示在满足其它字段的制约条件后每月都执行该命令操作。
逗号(,):可以用逗号隔开的值指定一个列表范围,例如,“1,2,5,7,8,9”
中杠(-):可以用整数之间的中杠表示一个整数范围,例如“2-6”表示“2,3,4,5,6”
正斜线(/):可以用正斜线指定时间的间隔频率,例如“0-23/2”表示每两小时执行一次。同时正斜线可以和星号一起使用,例如/10,如果用在minute字段,表示每十分钟执行一次
3.3 crontab format在线工具
创建crontab format web page https://crontab-generator.org/
检验crontab含义的web page https://crontab.guru/
img⚙4.实例
############################# 使用
## help message
Crontab_backup.sh -h
## add backup
mkdir -p ~/test2
Crontab_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *"
ll ~/test2
## add backup
mkdir -p ~/test3
Crontab_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test3" -c "* * * * *"
ll ~/test3
## view all cron
Crontab_backup.sh -l
## reomve one timer
Crontab_backup.sh -d "2"
## remove all timer
Crontab_backup.sh -r
5.Note
- 目前没提供按照date 进行打包功能;如果有这个需求还是按照上次教程手动编辑crontab -e;
- 需要确保Target目录存在,没提供创建folder功能;
Crontab_backup.sh -s "~/test1/*" -t "~/test2" -c "* * * * *"
- 有些参数可以用双引号,单引号,不加引号;为了统一大家都用双引号比较好;
DeleteRow: "1,2" , '1,2' , 1,2
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