我想,作为一个iOS开发人员,你应该知道DateFormatter的实例创建操作,是多么的昂贵。
在这篇文章中,我想看一下创建DateFormatter实例的成本以及如何有效的缓存他们。
实验
1.DateFormatter为每个日期转换创建一个新的实例。
2.DateFormatter对所有日期转换重复使用相同的实例。
class DateConverter {
let dateFormat = "y/MM/dd @ HH:mm"
func convertDatesWithUniqueFormatter(_ dates: [Date]) {
for date in dates {
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = dateFormat
_ = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
}
}
func convertDatesWithReusedFormatter(_ dates: [Date]) {
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = dateFormat
for date in dates {
_ = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
}
}
}
convertDatesWithUniqueFormatter代表第一个场景,convertDatesWithReusedFormatter第二个场景。两种方法都遵循类似的结构 - 循环遍历日期数组并将每个日期格式化为字符串表示形式,唯一的区别在于如何DateFormatter使用。
我们用单元测试来测试一下性能:
import XCTest
@testable import Practice
class PracticeTests: XCTestCase {
var sut:DateConverter!
let dates = Array(repeating: Date(), count: 100)
override func setUp() {
// Put setup code here. This method is called before the invocation of each test method in the class.
sut = DateConverter()
}
override func tearDown() {
// Put teardown code here. This method is called after the invocation of each test method in the class.
sut = nil
}
func test_convertDatesWithUniqueFormatter_performance() {
measure {
sut.convertDatesWithUniqueFormatter(dates)
}
}
func test_convertDatesWithReusedFormatter_performance() {
measure {
sut.convertDatesWithReusedFormatter(dates)
}
}
func testExample() {
// This is an example of a functional test case.
// Use XCTAssert and related functions to verify your tests produce the correct results.
}
func testPerformanceExample() {
// This is an example of a performance test case.
self.measure {
// Put the code you want to measure the time of here.
}
}
}
场景一:
image.png
场景二:
从数据可以看出,如果重复创建的话,基本上每次耗时平均为0.039,但是,如果复用的话,基本上,第二次及以后,可以缩短20%的时间。可见,DateFormatter的创建是多么的耗时。
如何使用高性能的DateFormatter
既然已经确定重用DateFormatter实例可以提高性能,并且我们已经确定这种性能改进将带来更好的用户体验,那么问题是:
“我们如何重用它?”
很简单,可以将DateFormatter实例提取到局部变量或私有属性中,因此可以重用它。
class DateFormattingHelper {
static let shared = DateFormattingHelper()
static let dobDateFormatter: DateFormatter = {
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = "y/MM/dd @ HH:mm"
return dateFormatter
}()
func formatDOB(_ date:Date, with dateFormatter: DateFormatter) -> String {
let formattedDate = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
return "Date of birth:\(formattedDate)"
}
}
调用:
let dateFormatter = DateFormattingHelper.shared.dobDateFormatter
let dobFormattedString = DateFormattingHelper.shared.formatDOB(Date(), with: dateFormatter)
print(dobFormattedString)
只要我们在使用的时候,传入DateFormatter:就可以了,但是,这有个弊端,如果我们多个format格式怎么办呢?创建多个这个的static 属性???
更优雅的办法
class CachedDateFormattingHelper {
// MARK: - Shared
static let shared = CachedDateFormattingHelper()
// MARK: - Queue
let cachedDateFormattersQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.boles.date.formatter.queue")
// MARK: - Cached Formatters
private var cachedDateFormatters = [String : DateFormatter]()
private func cachedDateFormatter(withFormat format: String) -> DateFormatter {
return cachedDateFormattersQueue.sync {
let key = format
if let cachedFormatter = cachedDateFormatters[key] {
return cachedFormatter
}
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
dateFormatter.dateFormat = format
cachedDateFormatters[key] = dateFormatter
return dateFormatter
}
}
// MARK: - DOB
func formatDOBDate(_ date: Date) -> String {
let dateFormatter = cachedDateFormatter(withFormat: "y/MM/dd @ HH:mm")
let formattedDate = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
return ("Date of birth: \(formattedDate)")
}
// MARK: - Account
func formatLastActiveDate(_ date: Date, now: Date = Date()) -> String {
let yesterday = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -1, to: now)!
var dateFormatter = cachedDateFormatter(withFormat: "dd MMM @ HH:mm")
if date > yesterday {
dateFormatter = cachedDateFormatter(withFormat: "HH:mm")
}
let formattedDate = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
return ("Last active: \(formattedDate)")
}
// MARK: - Post
func formatPostCreatedDate(_ date: Date) -> String {
let dateFormatter = cachedDateFormatter(withFormat: "d MMM 'of' y")
let formattedDate = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
return formattedDate
}
// MARK: - Commenting
func formatCommentedDate(_ date: Date) -> String {
let dateFormatter = cachedDateFormatter(withFormat: "dd MMM @ HH:mm")
let formattedDate = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
return ("Comment posted: \(formattedDate)")
}
}
我们用一个字典,把对应的创建过的格式的formatter存起来,每次,只要去查一下,有没有生成过这种格式的formatter,有就拿来用,没有就创建保存,并且返回出去,这样下次同样的格式就有了。这样是不是很智能,很酷😎😎😎
来吧,改造你的DateFormatter吧!!!!
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