目标
在安卓开发中,传统的SDK集成方式,需要将原始的文件添加到项目中、或者在项目的构建文件(build.gradle)中明确添加对应的依赖,然后在适当的地方调取初始化等方法。这些方式至少需要修改构建文件、在项目原始java代码中编写调用等。但是,对于某些SDK而言,本身只需要进行一次初始化操作,这时候,有没有一种方式,让SDK自己来调用初始化方法,并且以最简洁的方式让用户去集成呢?
目前市面上其实已经有很多的SDK采用了类似这种方式,对原始项目的侵入非常少。而且基本思路都是从gradle插件出发。只需要一行apply plugin代码,就可以达到目的。
为了实现无侵入式的SDK集成,我们可以利用aop的方式实现在构件时动态修改安卓字节码,同时支持第三方库的构件时依赖。
字节码注入
入口
想要不修改原始的java代码,并且实现SDK的代码的集成,实现初始化init方法的调用,就不得不在编译或者打包的过程中干预原始代码的编译结果。安卓APK文件的编译过程。从宏观上是:
.java -->.class -->.dex -->.apk
可以看到除我们可以修改.class、.dex文件生成过程来实现代码的注入。本文主要研究如何修改字节码文件.class
。
工具
目前主流的字节码注入工具主要是asm以及javassist,从使用者的反馈中可以看到asm的运行效率会比javassist高很多,但是asm的编码难度比较高。在进一步研究了asm之后,发现协助asm字节码生成工具AS插件ASMified,可以快速的生成ASM字节码代码。
特点
asm主要采用了访问者模式进行字节码文件的扫描,包括注释、成员变量、方法、内部类等。工具会提供加载类文件各种属性时的入口回调
grdle插件
插件开发有多种方式,可以查阅gradle官网api说明得知。本文选择了作为独立插件的开发方式,在本地搭建了maven的nexus服务,方便测试开发,当然也可以直接使用本地的.m2仓库
引入的插件
apply plugin: 'maven'
apply plugin: 'groovy'
一个是groovy语法插件、一个是仓库插件
必须的依赖
implementation gradleApi()
implementation 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.0'
需要添加gradle的依赖,而且在实际开发过程中发现,gradle:3.5.0里面自依赖了asm框架,所以就不需要再次去添加asm的依赖了。这也方便了开发者排除重复依赖的问题
目录结构
aop-plugin(插件名称)
----src
----main
----groovy
----包名
----.groovy文件(插件逻辑)
----java
----包名
----.java文件(asm逻辑)
----resources
----META-INF
----gradle-plugins
----aop-plugin.properties
----build.gradle
其中groovy目录是插件代码的目录,文件以.groovy结尾。java目录是asm注入代码的目录。resoures目录是固定结构。需要注意的是在aop-pligin.properties文件中必须指明插件实现类:
implementation-class=com.lotty520.plugin.AopPlugin
插件实现
构建
构建脚本build.gradle定义了构建的插件依赖,决定了构建插件的groovy属性
apply plugin: 'maven'
apply plugin: 'groovy'
compileGroovy {
sourceCompatibility = 1.7
targetCompatibility = 1.7
options.encoding = "UTF-8"
}
dependencies {
implementation gradleApi()
implementation 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.0'
}
repositories {
jcenter()
}
uploadArchives {
repositories {
mavenDeployer {
pom.groupId = 'com.lotty520.plugin'
pom.artifactId = 'aop-plugin'
pom.version = '1.50-SNAPSHOT'
repository(url: 'http://localhost:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/') }
}
}
plugin
gradle插件api的顶级接口,自定义插件时,需要实现该接口,该接口只有一个apply方法
public interface Plugin<T> {
void apply(T var1);
}
插件开始加载时的入口,我们可以在这里进行构建环境数据的获取或者修改
Trasform
安卓系统5.0新增的api。主要用来控制java->class转换操作的中间处理。主要api有
public abstract String getName();
public abstract Set<ContentType> getInputTypes();
public abstract Set<? super Scope> getScopes();
public abstract boolean isIncremental();
public void transform(TransformInvocation transformInvocation) throws TransformException, InterruptedException, IOException {
this.transform(transformInvocation.getContext(), transformInvocation.getInputs(), transformInvocation.getReferencedInputs(), transformInvocation.getOutputProvider(), transformInvocation.isIncremental());
}
其中isIncremental
是标记是否开启增量。getInputTypes()
用来标记检测的文件类型,主要是class文件和资源文件。getScopes()
用来检测文件目录范围。transform
是核心的方法,主要用来实现文件的遍历和字节码注入。
代码实现
检测jar和目录的方式实现可以参照以下代码:改代码对扫描的目录和jarz中的class文件进行注入操作。利用了ASM的ClassVisitor、ClassReader、ClassWritor等实现字节码文件的读取、注入、回写等操作。
package com.lotty520.plugin
import com.android.build.api.transform.*
import com.android.build.gradle.AppExtension
import com.android.build.gradle.AppPlugin
import com.android.build.gradle.LibraryPlugin
import com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformManager
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils
import org.gradle.api.Plugin
import org.gradle.api.Project
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter
import java.util.jar.JarEntry
import java.util.jar.JarFile
import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry
import static org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.EXPAND_FRAMES
class AopPlugin extends Transform implements Plugin<Project> {
@Override
void apply(Project project) {
println("==================")
println(" Gradle插件1.50 ")
println("==================")
if (!project.android) {
throw new IllegalStateException('Must apply \'com.android.application\' or \'com.android.library\' first!')
}
def isApp = project.plugins.withType(AppPlugin)
def isLib = project.plugins.withType(LibraryPlugin)
if (isApp) {
println("build is app.")
} else {
println("build is lib.")
}
if (!isApp && !isLib) {
throw new IllegalStateException("'android' or 'android-library' plugin required.")
}
def list = project.getConfigurations().toList().iterator()
while (list.hasNext()) {
def config = list.next().getName()
if ("implementation".equals(config)) {
println("----Configuration----" + config)
project.getDependencies().add(config, "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0")
}
}
project.extensions.getByType(AppExtension).registerTransform(this)
}
@Override
String getName() {
return "AopPlugin"
}
@Override
Set<QualifiedContent.ContentType> getInputTypes() {
return TransformManager.CONTENT_CLASS
}
@Override
Set<? super QualifiedContent.Scope> getScopes() {
return TransformManager.SCOPE_FULL_PROJECT
}
@Override
boolean isIncremental() {
return false
}
@Override
void transform(TransformInvocation transformInvocation) throws TransformException, InterruptedException, IOException {
println("==================")
println(" transform begin. ")
println("==================")
Collection<TransformInput> inputs = transformInvocation.inputs
TransformOutputProvider outputProvider = transformInvocation.outputProvider
//删除之前的输出
if (outputProvider != null)
outputProvider.deleteAll()
//遍历inputs
inputs.each { TransformInput input ->
//遍历directoryInputs
input.directoryInputs.each { DirectoryInput directoryInput ->
handleDirectoryInput(directoryInput, outputProvider)
}
//遍历jarInputs
input.jarInputs.each { JarInput jarInput ->
handleJarInputs(jarInput, outputProvider)
}
}
}
/**
* 处理文件目录下的class文件
*/
private static void handleDirectoryInput(DirectoryInput directoryInput, TransformOutputProvider outputProvider) {
//是否是目录
if (directoryInput.file.isDirectory()) {
//列出目录所有文件(包含子文件夹,子文件夹内文件)
directoryInput.file.eachFileRecurse { File file ->
def name = file.name
if (name.contains("View")) {
println("目录文件::::" + name)
}
if (checkClassFile(name)) {
ClassReader classReader = new ClassReader(file.bytes)
ClassWriter classWriter = new ClassWriter(classReader, ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS)
ClassVisitor cv = new ClassVisitorImpl(classWriter)
classReader.accept(cv, EXPAND_FRAMES)
byte[] code = classWriter.toByteArray()
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(
file.parentFile.absolutePath + File.separator + name)
//覆写
fos.write(code)
fos.close()
}
}
}
//替换输出
def dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(directoryInput.name,
directoryInput.contentTypes, directoryInput.scopes,
Format.DIRECTORY)
FileUtils.copyDirectory(directoryInput.file, dest)
}
/**
* 处理Jar中的class文件
*/
private static void handleJarInputs(JarInput jarInput, TransformOutputProvider outputProvider) {
if (jarInput.file.getAbsolutePath().endsWith(".jar")) {
println("JAR文件::::" + jarInput.file.getAbsolutePath())
// 创建新的jar文件
File tmpFile = new File(jarInput.file.getParent() + File.separator + "classes_temp.jar")
//避免上次的缓存被重复插入
if (tmpFile.exists()) {
tmpFile.delete()
}
JarOutputStream jarOutputStream = new JarOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile))
//用于保存
JarFile originJar = new JarFile(jarInput.file)
Enumeration enumeration = originJar.entries()
while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
JarEntry nextEntry = (JarEntry) enumeration.nextElement()
//名称
String entryName = nextEntry.getName()
//创建zipEntry对象
ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(entryName)
//获取当前entry的输入流
InputStream inputStream = originJar.getInputStream(nextEntry)
//将当前entry添加到临时文件中
jarOutputStream.putNextEntry(zipEntry)
//插桩class
if (checkClassFile(entryName)) {
//class文件处理
if (entryName.contains("View")) {
println("class文件::::" + entryName)
}
ClassReader classReader = new ClassReader(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream))
ClassWriter classWriter = new ClassWriter(classReader, ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS)
ClassVisitor cv = new ClassVisitorImpl(classWriter)
//原始的CR接收CW的访问,开始重排字节码
classReader.accept(cv, EXPAND_FRAMES)
//回写
byte[] code = classWriter.toByteArray()
jarOutputStream.write(code)
} else {
// 直接拷贝,不插桩
jarOutputStream.write(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream))
}
jarOutputStream.closeEntry()
}
//结束
jarOutputStream.close()
originJar.close()
//重命名输出文件,因为可能同名,会覆盖
def jarName = jarInput.name
if (jarName.endsWith(".jar")) {
jarName = jarName.substring(0, jarName.length() - 4)
}
def fileName = "aop-plugin" + jarName
//替换输出
def dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(fileName, jarInput.contentTypes, jarInput.scopes, Format.JAR)
FileUtils.copyFile(tmpFile, dest)
tmpFile.delete()
}
}
/**
* 检查class文件是否需要处理,只处理需要的class文件
* @param fileName 文件名
* @return 是否需要处理
*/
private static boolean checkClassFile(String name) {
return (name.endsWith(".class") && !name.startsWith("R\$")
&& !"R.class".equals(name) && !"BuildConfig.class".equals(name) && !"AsmByteCode.class".equals(name))
}
}
注入部分代码实现
ClassVisitor
对类的访问,可以用来决定哪些类需要被注入、添加类属性、添加实例方法、类方法等。具体可以参考ASM官方文档,查看调用方式。以下代码是在MainActivy中添加了成员变量cls(String)、begin(long)、end(long)。ClassVisitor会在扫描字节码文件时,严格的按照调用顺序,调用相应的visit(仅调用一次)、visitMethod(多次)、visitEnd(一次)。当然还有访问注解、访问属性等visitXXX方法。这里不列举。
package com.lotty520.plugin;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
public class ClassVisitorImpl extends ClassVisitor {
private static final String INJEXT_CLS = "MainActivity";
private static final String INJEXT_METHOD = "printEnter";
private static final String CLS_VIEW = "printEnter";
private static final String METHOD_VIEW = "performClick";
private String currentCls;
public ClassVisitorImpl(ClassVisitor cv) {
super(Opcodes.ASM5, cv);
}
public ClassVisitorImpl(int api) {
super(api);
}
public ClassVisitorImpl(int api, ClassVisitor cv) {
super(api, cv);
}
@Override
public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String superName, String[] interfaces) {
super.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces);
currentCls = name;
}
@Override
public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) {
MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);
if (INJEXT_METHOD.equals(name)) {
return new AdviceAdapterImpl(Opcodes.ASM5, mv, access, name, desc);
}
return mv;
}
@Override
public void visitEnd() {
if (currentCls != null && currentCls.contains(INJEXT_CLS)) {
FieldVisitor clsname = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PRIVATE, "clsname", "Ljava/lang/String;", null, null);
if (clsname != null) {
clsname.visitEnd();
}
FieldVisitor begin = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PRIVATE, "begin", "J", null, null);
if (begin != null) {
begin.visitEnd();
}
FieldVisitor end = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PRIVATE, "end", "J", null, null);
if (end != null) {
end.visitEnd();
}
}
cv.visitEnd();
}
}
MethodVisitor
对方法的访问,实现字节码注入的核心实现。可以实现在调用对应方法之前、之后进行字节码注入,从而实现对应的需求。针对上面注入的成员变量,在方法调用前后,我们打印一下这些成员变量的值。主要实现功能为:
public void enter() {
clsname = getClass().getPackage().getName();
begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public void exit() {
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
Log.e("wh", "cls::" + clsname + "-->method cost:::" + (end - begin));
}
为了将java转换成asm字节码,需要借助ASM ByteCode Outline插件来进行打码转换,转换后,我们的实现逻辑为:
package com.lotty520.plugin;
import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.commons.AdviceAdapter;
public class AdviceAdapterImpl extends AdviceAdapter {
private static final String OWNER = "com/xapplication/MainActivity";
protected AdviceAdapterImpl(int api, MethodVisitor mv, int access, String name, String desc) {
super(api, mv, access, name, desc);
}
@Override
protected void onMethodEnter() {
mv.visitLdcInsn("wh");
mv.visitTypeInsn(NEW, "java/lang/StringBuilder");
mv.visitInsn(DUP);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "<init>", "()V", false);
mv.visitLdcInsn("method::enter");
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "android/util/Log", "e", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I", false);
mv.visitInsn(POP);
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Object", "getClass", "()Ljava/lang/Class;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Class", "getPackage", "()Ljava/lang/Package;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Package", "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;", false);
mv.visitFieldInsn(PUTFIELD, OWNER, "clsname", "Ljava/lang/String;");
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J", false);
mv.visitFieldInsn(PUTFIELD, OWNER, "begin", "J");
}
@Override
protected void onMethodExit(int opcode) {
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J", false);
mv.visitFieldInsn(PUTFIELD, OWNER, "end", "J");
mv.visitLdcInsn("wh");
mv.visitTypeInsn(NEW, "java/lang/StringBuilder");
mv.visitInsn(DUP);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "<init>", "()V", false);
mv.visitLdcInsn("pkg::");
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, OWNER, "clsname", "Ljava/lang/String;");
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitLdcInsn("-->method cost:::");
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, OWNER, "end", "J");
mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);
mv.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, OWNER, "begin", "J");
mv.visitInsn(LSUB);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "android/util/Log", "e", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I", false);
mv.visitInsn(POP);
mv.visitLdcInsn("wh");
mv.visitTypeInsn(NEW, "java/lang/StringBuilder");
mv.visitInsn(DUP);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "<init>", "()V", false);
mv.visitLdcInsn("method::exit");
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "append", "(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/StringBuilder", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", false);
mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "android/util/Log", "e", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I", false);
mv.visitInsn(POP);
}
}
打包集成
打包插件
直接运行aop:uploadArchives就可以编译插件并上传到maven仓库中
集成插件
在项目的根目录的build.gradle中添加插件依赖版本
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
maven {
url = 'http://localhost:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/'
}
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.0'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
classpath "cn.tongdun.plugin:aop-plugin:1.49-SNAPSHOT"
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
maven {
url = 'http://localhost:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/'
}
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
在项目的主module的build.gradle中引入插件
apply plugin: 'aop-plugin'
到此,就可以运行APP查看结果了。
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