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[转][SpringCloud学习] 第二篇: 服务消费者(re

[转][SpringCloud学习] 第二篇: 服务消费者(re

作者: H_Man | 来源:发表于2017-07-27 17:28 被阅读12次

    转载自
    http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69788938

    在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。spring cloud有两种调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

    一、ribbon简介

    Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
    
    —–摘自官网
    

    ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign也用到ribbon,当你使用@ FeignClient,ribbon自动被应用。

    ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:

    • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

    • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

    • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

    • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

    • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

    • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

    二、准备工作

    基于上一节的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动它,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:

    image.png

    三、建一个服务消费者

    重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
    它的pom.xml文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-ribbon</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>
    

    向服务注册中心注册一个新的服务,这时service-ribbon既是服务提供者,也是服务消费者。配置文件application.yml如下:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-ribbon
    

    在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且注册了一个bean: restTemplate;通过@ LoadBalanced注册表明,这个restRemplate是负载均衡的。

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
        }
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }
    

    这时我们需要测试下,建一个service类:

    @Service
    public class HelloService {
    
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public String hiService(String name) {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
        }
    
    }
    

    通过restTemplate.getForObject方法,service-ribbon 就可以调用service-hi的方法了。并且在调用的工程中并之需要写服务的名,而不是具体的ip.

    写一个controller:

    @RestController
    public class HelloControler {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloService helloService;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
        public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
            return helloService.hiService(name);
        }
    
    
    }
    

    访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:

    hi forezp,i am from port:8762
    
    hi forezp,i am from port:8763
    

    这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class),获取service-hi的方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务。

    四、此时的架构

    image.png
    • 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
    • service-hi工程跑了两个副本,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册
    • sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
    • 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;

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