多线程多进程多协程（转载）
- Bilibili 蚂蚁学Python UP主说得很好
- 工作中看视频不方便，截取重点部分改为文字版，方便抄作业
- 原地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bK411A7tV
多线程
- 定义一个函数
def my_func(a,b):
do_something(a,b)
- 创建线程
import threading
t = threading.Thread(target=my_func, args=(a, b))
- 启动线程
t.start()
- 等待结束
t.join()
队列
- queue.Queue是线程安全的
import queue
q = queue.Queue()
# 添加与获取
q.put(time)
item = q.get()
# 查看状态
q.qsize()
q.empty()
q.full()
线程安全（锁）
- try-finally
import threading
lock = threading.Lock()
lock.acquire()
try:
# do something
finally:
lock.release()
- with
import threading
lock = threading.Lock()
with lock:
# do something
线程池
- map函数，结果预入参顺序对应
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
arg_list = []
with ThreadPoolExecutor() as pool:
results = pool.map(my_func, arg_list)
for result in results:
print(results)
- submit函数，as_completed顺序可按完成顺序
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
arg_list = []
with ThreadPoolExecutor() as pool:
futures = [pool.submit(my_func, arg) for arg in arg_list]
# 按输入顺序
for future in futures:
print(future.result())
# 按完成顺序
for future in as_completed(futures):
print(future.result())
Flask中使用线程池
import time
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
pool = ThreadPoolExecutor()
def do_1():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_1'
def do_2():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_2'
def do_3():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_3'
@app.route("/")
def index():
result_1 = pool.submit(do_1)
result_2 = pool.submit(do_2)
result_3 = pool.submit(do_3)
return {
'1': result_1.result(),
'2': result_2.result(),
'3': result_3.result(),
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
多进程
图片截图自 蚂蚁学Python Bilibili 03:00
multiprocessing.png
Flask使用多进程
import time
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
def do_1():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_1'
def do_2():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_2'
def do_3():
time.sleep(1)
return 'do_3'
@app.route("/")
def index():
result_1 = pool.submit(do_1)
result_2 = pool.submit(do_2)
result_3 = pool.submit(do_3)
return {
'1': result_1.result(),
'2': result_2.result(),
'3': result_3.result(),
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
pool = ProcessPoolExecutor()
app.run()
协程：asyncio、await
import asyncio
import aiohttp
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
async def get_url(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as resp:
result = await resp.text()
print(f"url:{url},{len(result)}")
urls = [f"https://www.cnblogs.com/#p{page}" for page in range(1, 50 + 1)]
tasks = [loop.create_task(get_url(url)) for url in urls]
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
控制asyncio并发数
- try-finally
import asyncio
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
await sem.acquire()
try:
# do something
finally:
sem.release()
- with
import asyncio
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
async with sem:
# do something
- 举例
import asyncio
import aiohttp
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
# 限制10个并发
semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
async def get_url(url):
async with semaphore:
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as resp:
result = await resp.text()
print(f"url:{url},{len(result)}")
urls = [f"https://www.cnblogs.com/#p{page}" for page in range(1, 50 + 1)]
tasks = [loop.create_task(get_url(url)) for url in urls]
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
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