Linux下安装Mysql

安装

• 下载并安装

wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum update
yum install mysql-server

• 权限设置

chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

• 初始化MySQL

mysqld --initialize

• 启动mysql服务

service mysqld start

• 关闭服务和查看状态

service mysqld stop
service mysqld status

设置root密码

• 停止mysql服务

service mysqld stop

• 用安全模式重启mysql

mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

• 重新打开一个shell操作界面,在新界面操作

mysql -u root

• 进入mysql命令行

use mysql;
flush privileges;
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123';
flush privileges;

• 退出,重启mysql

exit;

service mysqld stop;
service mysqld start;

设置远程访问

• 在安装mysql机器操作

mysql -h localhost -u root -p 

输入密码之后，进入MySQL操作台

• 命令行输入命令

update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

• 解决navicat连接MySQL 1251错误

alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'yourpassword';

字符集

• 查询字符集
  进入mysql命令行

mysql> show variables like '%char%';  
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name                        | Value                          |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client                 | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection             | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database               | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem             | binary                         |
| character_set_results                | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server                 | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system                 | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir                   | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1                              |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

查看编码格式，将编码设置为统一格式utf8。

设置数据存储位置

• 暂停mysql服务

service mysqld stop

• 移动mysql文件夹到指定目录/home

mv /var/lib/mysql /home/

• 修改配置文件my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

将配置文件中字段改为如下格式

[client]
socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
datadir=/home/mysql
socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock

• 启动mysql

service mysqld start

• 进入mysql命令行输入命令查看数据存放位置是否变更正确

mysql>  show global variables like "%datadir%";