两个结构体
- 线程池
线程池结构体包含任务队列和线程数组两个结构体,和一些锁,条件变量,长度等成员 - 任务
任务队列是一个链表结构,链表中每个任务是一个函数指针做任务句柄
任务队列是线程和主程序所共享的共享资源,所以要考虑互斥的对任务队列中入队和出对进行操作。主程序向任务队列中加任务,线程从任务队列中取任务,考虑用条件变量来模拟操作系统中的生产者消费者模型,即pv操作
四个函数
-
void pool_init(int max_thread_num)
初始化线程池,对线程池各成员进行初始化。根据传入参数初始化n个线程;
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int pool_add_worker(void(process)(void *arg),void *arg)
此函数是main函数向任务队列中加任务,相当于pv操作的v操作。此时用到链表的知识,新建一个链表项,链表项中传入任务要完成的函数句柄,之后将链表项插入到队尾。注意互斥访问任务队列。 -
void *thread_routine(void *arg)
函数太长截屏不下来。参照下面完整代码
这是线程内部运行过程,即pthread_create时传入的函数句柄。此线程相当于消费者,从任务队列中取任务并执行。逻辑判断参照下面的补充部分。 -
int pool_destory()
线程池销毁以及资源回收。shutdown 置1,;broadcast唤醒所有等待线程使其exit退出;join掉所有的线程;free回收为线程malloc的堆空间,线程数组,free一次就行;free掉当前任务队列中所有的任务,因为链表结构,每一个链表项都要free掉;销毁互斥锁和条件变量,最后free掉pool结构体。
补充
线程在运行时对当前任务队列长度和当前线程池状态(shutdown)的判断是很重要的(见thread_routine代码)
- 没有任务+线程池开 : wait挂起等待生产者(main)加任务,之后进入临界区
- 没有任务+线程池关 : wait时被pool_destory函数将shutdown置1并且(broadcast)唤醒所有挂起等待的线程,此时线程再次循环发现shutdown为1会exit退出。
-
有任务+线程池开 : 向下进入临界区
个人收获
- 复习生产者消费者模型
- 复习链表用法
- 复习内存操作:malloc的数组free一次,链表每个链表项要分别分配空间和回收,回收后指针及时赋空防止野指针
完整代码
#include <pthread.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
typedef struct worker
{
void *(*process) (void *arg);//任务句柄,函数指针
void *arg;//函数参数
struct worker * next;//链表指向下一个任务
}CThread_worker;
typedef struct threadpool
{
pthread_mutex_t queue_lock;
pthread_cond_t queue_ready;
CThread_worker *queue_head;//任务队列,链表结构
pthread_t *threadid;//线程池中的线程,数组结构
int max_thread_num;//线程池中线程数
int cur_queue_size;//当前任务队列中任务数
int shutdown;//线程池是否启用
}CThread_pool;
int pool_add_worker(void*(*process)(void *arg),void *arg);
void *thread_routine(void *arg);
static CThread_pool *pool = NULL;
void pool_init(int max_thread_num)
{
pool = (CThread_pool*)malloc(sizeof(CThread_pool));
pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->queue_lock),NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_ready),NULL);
pool->queue_head = NULL;
pool->max_thread_num = max_thread_num;
pool->cur_queue_size = 0;
pool->shutdown = 0;//running
pool->threadid = (pthread_t*)malloc(max_thread_num*sizeof(pthread_t));
int i = 0;
for(i = 0;i<max_thread_num;i++)
{
pthread_create(&(pool->threadid[i]),NULL,thread_routine,NULL);
}
}
int pool_add_worker(void*(*process)(void *arg),void *arg)
{//chain add 1,v
CThread_worker * newworker = (CThread_worker*)malloc(sizeof(CThread_worker));
newworker->process = process;
newworker->arg = arg;
newworker->next = NULL;
pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->queue_lock));
CThread_worker *member = pool->queue_head;
if(member != NULL)
{
while(member->next!=NULL)
member = member->next;
member->next = newworker;
}
else
{
pool->queue_head = newworker;
}
assert(pool->queue_head);
pool->cur_queue_size++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->queue_lock));
pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_ready));//notice thread
return 0;
}
int pool_destory()
{//Recycling resources
if(pool->shutdown)//avoid multy-shutdown
{ return -1;}
pool->shutdown = 1;
pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_ready));
//join threads
int i;
for(i=0;i<pool->max_thread_num;i++)
{
pthread_join(pool->threadid[i],NULL);
}
free(pool->threadid);//malloc
//destory queue_worker
CThread_worker *head = NULL;
while(pool->queue_head!=NULL);
{
head = pool->queue_head;
pool->queue_head = pool->queue_head->next;
free(head);
}
//destory mutex& cond
pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->queue_lock));
pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_ready));
free(pool);
pool = NULL;
return 0;
}
void *thread_routine(void *arg)
{//p
cout << "thread" << pthread_self() << "is running!" << endl;
while(1)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->queue_lock));
while(pool->cur_queue_size==0&&pool->shutdown==0)
{
cout << "thread" << pthread_self() << "is waiting" << endl;
pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_ready),&(pool->queue_lock));
}
if(pool->shutdown == 1)
{
pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->queue_lock));
cout << "thread" << pthread_self() << "will eixt" << endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
//************Critical area
cout << "thread" << pthread_self() << "is going to work" << endl;
assert(pool->cur_queue_size!=0);
assert(pool->queue_head!=NULL);
//queue pop
pool->cur_queue_size--;
CThread_worker * worker = pool->queue_head;
pool->queue_head = worker->next;
//*************Critical area
//put out source(worker) to operate
pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->queue_lock));
(*(worker->process))(worker->arg);
free(worker);
worker = NULL;
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *myprocess(void *arg)
{
cout << "thread" << pthread_self() << "is working on task " << *(int *)arg << endl;
sleep(1);
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
pool_init(3);
int *workingnum = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*10);
int i;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
workingnum[i] = i;
pool_add_worker(myprocess,&workingnum[i]);
}
sleep(5);
pool_destory();
free(workingnum);
return 0;
}
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