PXE+Kickstart 实现自动安装系统（Redhat7.5

作者: 痕迹_dark | 来源:发表于2019-11-01 15:43 被阅读0次

部署准备

服务器

操作系统：rhel7.7
软件准备： rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso、rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso

客户机

硬件配置：至少2G以上内存

基础环境准备

关闭selinux

# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
# setenforce 0

关闭防火墙

# yum remove -y firewalld

配置网络

# nmcli con add type ethernet ifname eno1 con-name eno1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr 192.168.100.0/24

安装yum软件环境

准备镜像源

已将rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso和rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso传入服务器

# mkdir -p /mnt/rhel77
# mkdir -p /mnt/rhel75
# mount -t loop rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel77
# mount -t loop rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel75

配置yum源

# cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel77.repo
# redhat-Base.repo
[base]
name=Redhat-$releasever
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=file:///mnt/rhel77/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release 
EOF

安装httpd服务

# yum clean all
# yum repolist
# yum install -y wget httpd rsync createrepo

http源配置

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/yum/rhel77
# mkdir -p /var/www/html/yum/rhel75
# rsync -aS /mnt/rhel77/ /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/
# rsync -aS /mnt/rhel75/ /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/
# createrepo -g /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/6d132b085489dcfe4a0ee2b4c38d9578c38ab83cebe4df87e3a409b48e8fee57-comps-Server.x86_64.xml /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/
# createrepo -g /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/2a2dc8f8a66f9c4d8b7a8ac2ec308594b97c344ec0810266cdf0795d9f77e965-comps-Server.x86_64.xml /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/

配置repo文件

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/repo
# cat << EOF > /var/www/html/repo/rhel77.repo
# redhat-Base.repo
[base]
name=Redhat-$releasever
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release 
EOF 

# cat << EOF > /var/www/html/repo/rhel75.repo
# redhat-Base.repo
[base]
name=Redhat-$releasever
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release 
EOF 

# cp -pf /var/www/html/repo/rhel77.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel77.repo
# yum clean all
# yum repolist

安装PXE网络环境

安装软件包

# yum install -y tftp-server dhcp xinetd

配置xinetd

修改/etc/xinet.d/tftp，将 disabled 参数从 yes 改为 no

配置dhcp

修改/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

option space pxelinux;
option pxelinux.magic code 208 = string;
option pxelinux.configfile code 209 = text;
option pxelinux.pathprefix code 210 = text;
option pxelinux.reboottime code 211 = unsigned integer 32;
option architecture-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  option routers 192.168.100.1;
  range 192.168.100.2 192.168.100.250;

  class "pxeclients" {
      match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
      next-server 192.168.100.1;

      if option architecture-type = 00:07 {
        filename "uefi/shim.efi";
      } else {
        filename "pxelinux/pxelinux.0";
      }
  }
}

配置tftp

为使用BIOS的系统配置

提取配置文件

# mkdir -p /root/kickstart/
# cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/
# cd /root/kickstart/
# rpm2cpio syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv
# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux
# cp /root/kickstart/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/
# cp /root/kickstart/usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg

提取内核文件

# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75
# cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77/
# cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75/

配置文件：/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg/default

default vesamenu.c32
prompt 1
timeout 600

label rhel77
  menu label ^Install system
  menu default
  kernel images/rhel77/vmlinuz
  append initrd=images/rhel77/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks77.cfg

label rhel75
  menu label ^Install system
  menu default
  kernel images/rhel75/vmlinuz
  append initrd=images/rhel75/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks75.cfg

为使用UEFT的系统配置

提取配置文件

# cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/shim-x64-15-2.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/
# cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.80.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/
# cd /root/kickstart/
# rpm2cpio shim-x64-15-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv
# rpm2cpio grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.80.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv
# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi
# cp /root/kickstart/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/shim.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/
# cp /root/kickstart/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grubx64.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/

提取内核文件

# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75
# cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77/
# cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75/

配置文件 /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/grub.cfg

set timeout=60
  menuentry 'RHEL 7.7' {
  linuxefi images/rhel77/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks77efi.cfg
  initrdefi images/rhel77/initrd.img
}
  menuentry 'RHEL 7.5' {
  linuxefi images/rhel75/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks75efi.cfg
  initrdefi images/rhel75/initrd.img
}

kickstart配置

创建配置文件

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/ksstart/

配置文件示例：ks77efi.cfg

# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use Http install repo
url --url=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/
# Use text install
text
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
firewall --disabled
selinux --disabled
# 格式化安装磁盘，这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# 安装后操作
reboot
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# Network information，网卡设备名换成现有设备名
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --activate
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext 12345678
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration 这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
# clearpart --none --initlabel 这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名
clearpart --none --initlabel --drives=sda
# Disk partitioning information
# 分区操作，请自行根据硬件配置和需求修改
# /boot/efi 分区只有只用uefi引导启动需要，使用bios启动请忽略
part /boot/efi --fstype="efi" --size=200 --ondisk=sda --fsoptions="defaults,uid=0,gid=0,umask=0077,shortname=winnt"
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1024 --ondisk=sda
part pv.01 --ondisk=sda --grow --asprimary
volgroup rhel pv.01
logvol swap --fstype="swap" --name="swap" --vgname="rhel" --size=32768
logvol / --fstype="xfs" --name="root" --vgname="rhel" --size=409600
logvol /home --fstype="xfs" --name="home" --vgname="rhel" --size=204800
logvol /var/log --fstype="xfs" --name="var_log" --vgname="rhel" --size=204800
logvol /var/lib/docker --fstype="xfs" --name="var_lib_docker" --vgname="rhel" --size=204800

# 预执行操作，使用uefi引导gpt盘必须要先设定盘未gpt
%pre
parted -s /dev/sda mklabel gpt
%end

# 安装软件
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
wget
net-tools
%end

# 后执行操作
%post
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
wget http://192.168.100.1/repo/rhel75.repo
%end

服务启动

# systemctl start xinetd
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl start dhcpd
# systemctl start tftp

客户端引导安装

按照默认方式启动服务器，选择启动项，按PXE启动服务器，选择相应的安装软件 rhel75或者rhel75 即可自行安装操作系统

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本文标题：PXE+Kickstart 实现自动安装系统（Redhat7.5

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