utf8mb4比utf8更好，可以存放emoji表情

linux和docker配置

mysqld.cnf

vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
#在下面的标签中找到修改或添加这几个项
[mysqld]
  character-set-client-handshake = FALSE 
  character-set-server = utf8mb4 
  collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

mysql.cnf

vi /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
#在下面的标签中找到修改或添加这几个项
[mysql]
character-set-server=utf8

mac配置

sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
#新建或打开的文件中，添加或修改为以下内容

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE 
character-set-server = utf8mb4 
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

查看数据库各表的编码

#切换到项目数据库
use wapian
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';

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