单例

• 工厂方法 - 懒加载
• 多线程下 - dispatchOnce
• 隔离外部修改- 静态 static

+ (DJSingleton *)shareInstance{
    static DJSingleton * s_instance_dj_singleton = nil ;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        if (s_instance_dj_manager == nil) {
            s_instance_dj_manager = [[DJSingleton alloc] init];
        }
    });
    return (DJSingleton *)s_instance_dj_singleton;
}

1. 冷酷派的实现

+(id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
    return [DJSingleton sharedInstance];
}
+(DJSingleton *) sharedInstance{
    static DJSingleton * s_instance_dj_singleton = nil;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        s_instance_dj_singleton = [[super allocWithZone:nil] init];
    });
    return s_instance_dj_singleton;
}
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
    return [DJSingleton sharedInstance];
}
-(id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
    return [DJSingleton sharedInstance];
}

2.温柔

+(instancetype) alloc __attribute__((unavailable("call sharedInstance instead")));
+(instancetype) new __attribute__((unavailable("call sharedInstance instead")));
-(instancetype) copy __attribute__((unavailable("call sharedInstance instead")));
-(instancetype) mutableCopy __attribute__((unavailable("call sharedInstance instead")));

http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20171123/21300.html