1.查看系统版本信息
系统
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ll /etc/redhat-release /etc/centos-release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 38 Nov 23 21:16 /etc/centos-release
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Mar 26 11:38 /etc/redhat-release -> centos-release
查看内核版本
[root@lidao ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@lidao ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@lidao ~]# 32位
i386 i686
快速修改密码：root下
[root@lidao ~]# echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
Changing password for user oldboy.
环境变量：
1、系统设置 创建 显示 配置系统特性
2、名字大写
3、可以在linux下面随处使用
命令的运行故事
UID：用户系统唯一标识符
PATH 存放的是命令的位置/路径
符号，代表字符串变量内容；
(2)普通用户命令提示符
[root@lidao ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/sbin === /sbin
/usr/bin === /bin
/root/bin
输入ls 回车之后发生了什么？
1.系统会在PATH里面进行查找
2.存在 运行(命令解释器)
3.不存在 提示 command not found
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@lidao ~]# echo $PS1
[\u@\h \W]\$
export PS1='[\u@\h \W]$ '用户名 主机名 所在当前位置 用户身份
控制命令行格式
老男孩教育出品-PS1环境变量讲解
https://www.processon.com/view/link/5a31efdbe4b03a96d02497af
修改环境变量过程：
1.临时-重新登录系统失效(修改颜色)
export PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
2.永久-写入文件/etc/profile 与生效
[root@oldboyedu59 /etc/sysconfig]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
[root@oldboyedu59 /etc/sysconfig]# source /etc/profile
3.检查
[root@oldboyedu59 /etc/sysconfig]# echo $PS1
[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$
关闭Selinux
操作前备份 操作后检查
```
cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.bak
永久
修改配置文件
临时
永久
修改配置文件
3 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
4 # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
5 # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of disabled.
6 # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
7 SELINUX=enforcing
```
SELINUX=右边可以写什么
SELINUX=enforcing SELinux开启
SELINUX=permissive SELinux关闭 还会有警告信息
SELINUX=disabled SELinux彻底关闭
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# grep '=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
临时 查看selinux状态
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@lidao ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# setenforce
usage: setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ]
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
关闭防火墙
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]#
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
重启防火墙
[root@wuxin-123 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
报错
** (pkttyagent:103429): WARNING **: 11:29:43.184: Unable to register authentication
agent: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message,
1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.106" (uid=0 pid=103429
comm="/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback ")
interface="org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority"
member="RegisterAuthenticationAgentWithOptions" error name="(unset)"
requested_reply="0" destination=":1.2" (uid=999 pid=6336
comm="/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug ")
Error registering authentication agent:
GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message, 1
matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.106" (uid=0 pid=103429
comm="/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback ")
interface="org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority"
member="RegisterAuthenticationAgentWithOptions" error name="(unset)"
requested_reply="0" destination=":1.2" (uid=999 pid=6336 comm="/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug ") (g-dbus-error-quark, 9)
/var/log/messages 报错
Apr 15 11:34:36 wuxin-123 dbus[6339]: [system] Rejected send message, 1 matched
rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.109" (uid=0 pid=103805 comm="/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback ")
interface="org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority"
member="RegisterAuthenticationAgentWithOptions" error name="(unset)"
requested_reply="0" destination=":1.2" (uid=999 pid=6336 comm="/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug ")
解决 发现切换用户会卡主 重启服务报错
可能与系统用户登录服务有关重启后 解决。
[root@wuxin-123 ~]# systemctl restart systemd-logind.service
[root@wuxin-123 ~]#
[root@wuxin-123 ~]# su - oldboy
Last login: Mon Apr 15 09:27:22 CST 2019 on pts/1
[oldboy@wuxin-123 ~]$ logout
[root@wuxin-123 ~]#
[root@wuxin-123 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld
wget 非交互式网络文件下载工具
yum install -y wget
https://www.baidu.com/link?url=9pCIxUQ8LkSTYWUeWeJRLkYP8ui_2uLRE-q9p76vPCfmCPq6AkqnJLbOiSW_eqij&wd=&eqid=ebae4263000089ce000000035cb40510
配置yum源
https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror阿里网站mirrors.aliyun 镜像网址
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/清华网站
[root@lidao ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2019-04-15 17:49:07-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@lidao ~]# yum repolist 安装
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ap.stykers.moe
* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
repo id repo name status
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,019
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 385
!updates/7/x86_64
配置完成epel源之后完整 常用的软件包
yum install -y tree vim nc nmap lrzsz wget bash-completion* cowsay sl htop
iotop iftop
bash-completion (base)
bash-completion-extras (epel)
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