FTP服务器快速搭建
1. 安装vsftpd服务
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
2. 配置ftp
2.1 编写配置文件
配置文件位置/etc/vsftpd.conf
#这些设置系统默认是开启的，可以不管
listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES
dirmessage_enable=YES
use_localtime=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
#下面的就要自定义设置了，建议系统默认的不管，然后复制下面的
#是否允许匿名访问，NO为不允许
anonymous_enable=NO
#是否允许本地用户访问,就是linux本机中存在的用户，YES允许
local_enable=YES
#是否开启写模式，YES为开启
write_enable=YES
#新建文件权限，一般设置为022，那么新建后的文件的权限就是777-022=755
local_umask=022
#是否启动userlist为通过模式，YES的话只有存在于userlist文件中的用户才能登录ftp（可以理解为userlist是一个白名单），NO的话，白名单失效，和下面一个参数配合使用
userlist_enable=YES
#是否启动userlist为禁止模式，YES表示在userlist中的用户禁止登录ftp（黑名单），NO表示黑名单失效，我们已经让userlist作为一个白名单，所以无需使用黑名单功能
userlist_deny=NO
#指定哪个文件作为userlist文件，我们稍后编辑这个文件
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
#是否限制本地所有用户切换根目录的权限，YES为开启限制，即登录后的用户不能访问ftp根目录以外的目录，当然要限制啦
chroot_local_user=YES
#是否启动限制用户的名单list为允许模式，上面的YES限制了所有用户，可以用这个名单作为白名单，作为例外允许访问ftp根目录以外
chroot_list_enable=YES
#设置哪个文件是list文件，里面的用户将不受限制的去访问ftp根目录以外的目录
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#是否开启写模式，开启后可以进行创建文件夹等写入操作
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#设置ftp根目录的位置,这个文件我们稍后自己创建
local_root=/opt/ftp_root
# set port
listen_port=8088
#开启被动模式
pasv_enable=YES
#FTP服务器公网IP
pasv_address=49.65.2.38
#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用port范围的最小值
pasv_min_port=8000
#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用port范围的最大值
pasv_max_port=8003
2.2 创建ftp专属用户和文件夹
mkdir /opt/ftp_root
sudo useradd -d /opt/ftp_root ftpuser
sudo passwd ftpuser
sudo chown ftpuser /opt/ftp_root/
2.3 创建白名单文件
创建我们在配置里写好的/etc/vsftpd.user_list文件和/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件，并且添加可以用于登陆的用户名
vim /etc/vsftpd.user_list
vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
3. 启动、调试
3.1 启动ftp服务器
sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start
3.2 客户端登陆ftp
ftp [ip/域名] [端口]
然后输入配置好的用户名和密码，即可登陆成功
3.3 ftp的url
ftp的url组装格式如下
举例
3.3 问题的解决方式
3.3.1 530 Login incorrect
如果遇到登陆后出现
[hyperchain@puer-prod ~]$ ftp 192.168.3.208 8088
Connected to 192.168.3.208 (192.168.3.208).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (192.168.3.207:root): ftpuser
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
530 Login incorrect.
Login failed.
进入到以下文件
vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
注释掉下面这一行
auth required pam_shells.so
然后重启ftp服务
3.3.2 500 Illegal PORT command.
如果登陆成功后，使用主动模式后出现
ftp> ls
500 Illegal PORT command.
ftp: bind: Address already in use
这是由于主动模式需要服务器连接客户端的端口。如果服务器和客户端不在同一局域网下（比如服务器在公网客户端在局域网）就会出现这个问题，服务端无法连接客户端的端口，只能切换到被动模式。在ftp命令行使用如下命令可以进行主动被动模式切换
ftp> passive mode
3.3.3 ftp: connect: Connection refused
如果在被动模式下出现以下问题
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (0,0,0,0,31,67).
ftp: connect: Connection refused
可能是配置文件中pasv_address字段的问题，可以注释掉这个字段，或者配置正确的公网ip，再重启ftp服务器
附录
1. 原配置文件备份
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
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