java类加载为什么需要双亲委派模型这样的往返模式？
- 委派模型对于安全性是非常重要的
- 恶意的意图有人能写出一类叫做 java.lang.Object，可用于
访问任何在硬盘上的目录。 因为 JVM 的信任 java.lang.Object 类，它不会关注这方面的活动。因此，如果自定义 java.lang.Object 被允许加载,安全管理器将很容易瘫痪。幸运的是，这将不会发生，因为委派模型会阻止这种情况的发生。
当自定义 java.lang.Object 类在程序中被调用的时候， system 类加载器将该请求委派给 extension 类加载器，然后委派给 bootstrap 类加载器。这样 bootstrap类加载器先搜索的核心库，找到标准 java.lang.Object 并实例化它。这样，自定义 java.lang.Object 类永远不会被加载。
双亲委派模型的实现，会先往上找父类加载器加载类，当所有父类加载器都无法加载的时候，最后再调用自己的findClass方法加载。
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
自定义类加载器
对于java.lang.ClassLoader的loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)方法的解析来看，可以得出以下2个结论：
- 如果不想打破双亲委派模型，那么只需要重写findClass方法即可
- 如果想打破双亲委派模型，那么就重写整个loadClass方法
demo
这是在非classpath路径下的Sample.class,只有自定义的类加载器才能加载。这里lib2，和lib3，见第四幅图
.class
.java
classpath
xyy.test.classloader.load.ClassLoaderTree#testClass2方法的结构。理解双亲委派模型很有帮助。class4的parent 设为null 则为Bootstrap ClassLoader。默认都是Application ClassLoader
xyy.test.classloader.load.ClassLoaderTree#testClass2
输出：
class4: java.lang.NullPointerException
class1’ClassLoader:fscl1
class2’ClassLoader:fscl1
class3’ClassLoader:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@5305068a
class4’ClassLoader:null
如果把Sample.java删除，那么也就是classpath目录下的Sample.class没了，那么class3’ClassLoader 也将没有,y一直找到根加载器也无法加载。
ps: 下面这点非常重要，也就是说lib1下面不能直接放Sample.class 需要前缀相同。
// 前缀必须与类的package的路径一致，否则会报NoClassDefFoundError
String className = "xyy.test.classloader.load.Sample";
package xyy.test.classloader.load;
/**
* Created by xyy on 16-8-17.
*/
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class FileSystemClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
private String loaderName="FileSystemClassLoader";
private String rootDir;
private boolean localFirst=true;
public FileSystemClassLoader(boolean localFirst, String rootDir) {
this.rootDir = rootDir;
this.localFirst = localFirst;
}
public FileSystemClassLoader(String rootDir,String loaderName) {
super();
this.rootDir = rootDir;
this.loaderName=loaderName;
}
public FileSystemClassLoader(ClassLoader parent,String rootDir,String loaderName) {
super(parent);
this.rootDir = rootDir;
this.loaderName=loaderName;
}
@Override
public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
if (localFirst) {
/**
* 找不到时，用父类的loadClass
*/
Class clazz = findClass(name);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
}
return super.loadClass(name);
} else {
return super.loadClass(name);
}
}
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) {
byte[] classData = getClassData(name);
if (classData == null) {
return null;
} else {
return defineClass(name, classData, 0, classData.length);
}
}
private byte[] getClassData(String className) {
String path = classNameToPath(className);
try {
System.out.println(path);
InputStream ins = new FileInputStream(path);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int bufferSize = 4096;
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
int bytesNumRead = 0;
while ((bytesNumRead = ins.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, bytesNumRead);
}
return baos.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// 这里由于如果本次找不到是会报异常的，所以catch掉，然后往上找classloader
System.out.println("in getClassData error: "+className);
}
return null;
}
private String classNameToPath(String className) {
return rootDir + File.separatorChar + className.replace('.', File.separatorChar) + ".class";
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return loaderName;
}
}
package xyy.test.classloader.load;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* Created by xyy on 16-8-17.
*/
public class ClassLoaderTree {
private static String user_dir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
public static void main(String[] args) {
// testAll();
testClassLoader1();
// testClassLoader2();
}
public static void testClassLoader1() {
String classDataRootPath = user_dir + "/target/test-classes";
String classDataRootPath2 = user_dir + "/myApp/lib1";
FileSystemClassLoader fscl1 = new FileSystemClassLoader(true, classDataRootPath);
FileSystemClassLoader fscl2 = new FileSystemClassLoader(true, classDataRootPath);
FileSystemClassLoader fscl3 = new FileSystemClassLoader(true, classDataRootPath2);
boolean ret = (fscl1.equals(fscl2));
// 前缀必须与类的package的路径一致，否则会报NoClassDefFoundError
String className = "xyy.test.classloader.load.Sample";
try {
Class<?> class1 = fscl1.loadClass(className);
Object obj1 = class1.newInstance();
Object obj1_1 = class1.newInstance();
Class<?> class2 = fscl2.loadClass(className);
Object obj2 = class2.newInstance();
Class<?> class3 = fscl3.loadClass(className);
Object obj3 = class3.newInstance();
// Sample 和 obj1所用的类加载器不一样
System.out.println("class1:" + class1.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("class2:" + class2.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("class3:" + class3.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("Sample.class" + Sample.class.getClassLoader());
// 两个不同的Sample的不同的toString,你可以先编译两份不一样的Sample类。
System.out.println(obj1.toString());
System.out.println(obj3.toString());
// 不同类加载器加载的类，是不同相互强转的
System.out.println("------test cast-------------");
try {
Sample sample = (Sample) obj1;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
System.out.println("--------invoke method -----------");
try {
// obj1=(Sample)obj2;
Method method = class1.getMethod("setSample", java.lang.Object.class);
// will be error
// method.invoke(obj1, obj2);
// 正确
method.invoke(obj1, obj1_1);
} catch (Exception e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println(e);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void testClassLoader2() {
String lib1 = user_dir + "/myApp/lib1";
String lib2 = user_dir + "/myApp/lib2";
String lib3 = user_dir + "/myApp/lib3";
FileSystemClassLoader fscl1 = new FileSystemClassLoader(lib1, "fscl1");
FileSystemClassLoader fscl2 = new FileSystemClassLoader(fscl1, lib2, "fscl2");
FileSystemClassLoader fscl3 = new FileSystemClassLoader(lib3, "fscl3");
FileSystemClassLoader fscl4 = new FileSystemClassLoader(null, lib3, "fscl4");
String className = "xyy.test.classloader.load.Sample";
try {
Class<?> class1 = fscl1.loadClass(className);
class1.newInstance();
Class<?> class2 = fscl2.loadClass(className);
class2.newInstance();
Class<?> class3 = fscl3.loadClass(className);
class3.newInstance();
Class<?> class4 = null;
try {
class4 = fscl4.loadClass(className);
class4.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("class4: " + e);
}
System.out.println("class1’ClassLoader:" + class1.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("class2’ClassLoader:" + class2.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("class3’ClassLoader:" + class3.getClassLoader());
System.out.println("class4’ClassLoader:" + (class4 == null ? null : class4.getClassLoader()));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void testAll() {
ClassLoader loader = ClassLoaderTree.class.getClassLoader();
while (loader != null) {
System.out.println(loader.toString());
loader = loader.getParent();
}
}
}
package xyy.test.classloader.load;
/**
* Created by xyy on 16-8-17.
*/
public class Sample {
private Sample instance;
public void setSample(Object instance) {
this.instance = (Sample) instance;
}
public String toString(){
return "Sample str1";
}
}
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