Ansible 常用参数说明

使用ansible -h命令就可以列出所有的命令参数，下面列举了常用的一些参数。

使用示例

-i示例

[root@centos7 ~]# cat hosts
[apache]
172.20.21.121
172.20.21.123

[nginx]
172.20.21.120
172.20.21.121

[servers:children]
apache
nginx

[servers:vars]
ansible_ssh_user='root'
ansible_ssh_pass='123456'

[root@centos7 ~]# ansible -i hosts apache --list-hosts
  hosts (2):
    172.20.21.121
    172.20.21.123

[root@centos7 ~]# ansible -i hosts apache -m ping -o
172.20.21.123 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
172.20.21.121 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

-k示例

不指定module，默认将使用command。

[root@centos7 ~]# ansible -i hosts apache -k -o -a "echo hello"
SSH password: 
172.20.21.123 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) hello
172.20.21.121 | SUCCESS | rc=0 | (stdout) hello

ansible-doc -s取得更详细信息

希望知道更加详细的module的信息，最好的方法是使用ansible自带的ansible-doc的-s选项。

[root@centos7 ~]# ansible-doc -s raw
- name: Executes a low-down and dirty SSH command
  raw:
      executable:            # change the shell used to execute the command. Should be an absolute path
                               to the executable. when using privilege
                               escalation (`become'), a default shell
                               will be assigned if one is not provided as
                               privilege escalation requires a shell.
      free_form:             # (required) the raw module takes a free form command to run. There is no
                               parameter actually named 'free form'; see
                               the examples!

[root@centos7 ~]# ansible-doc -s expect
- name: Executes a command and responds to prompts.
  expect:
      chdir:                 # Change into this directory before running the command.
      command:               # (required) The command module takes command to run.
      creates:               # A filename, when it already exists, this step will *not* be run.
      echo:                  # Whether or not to echo out your response strings.
      removes:               # A filename, when it does not exist, this step will *not* be run.
      responses:             # (required) Mapping of expected string/regex and string to respond with.
                               If the response is a list, successive
                               matches return successive responses. List
                               functionality is new in 2.1.
      timeout:               # Amount of time in seconds to wait for the expected strings.

所有命令参数

[root@localhost ~]# ansible -h
Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]

Options:
  -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS    模块的参数,如果执行默认COMMAND的模块，即是命令参数,如：“date”,"pwd"等等
                        module arguments    模块参数
  -k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password  登录密码，提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证
  --ask-su-pass         ask for su password    su切换密码
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password  提示密码使用sudo,sudo表示提权操作
  --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
  -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS     后台运行超时时间
                        run asynchronously, failing after X seconds
                        (default=N/A)
  -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some    只是测试一下会改变什么内容，不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化
                        of the changes that may occur
  -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION   连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。
                        connection type to use (default=smart)
  -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS   并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5
                        specify number of parallel processes to use
                        (default=5)
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit   打开帮助文档API
  -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY    指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
                        specify inventory host file
                        (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET    进一步限制所选主机/组模式  --limit=192.168.91.135 只对这个ip执行
                        further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
  --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
                        anything else
  -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME   执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
                        module name to execute (default=command)
  -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH    要执行的模块的路径，默认为/usr/share/ansible/
                        specify path(s) to module library
                        (default=/usr/share/ansible/)
  -o, --one-line        condense output      压缩输出，摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。
  -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL    调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b
                        set the poll interval if using -B (default=15)
  --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE    私钥路径，使用这个文件来验证连接
                        use this file to authenticate the connection
  -S, --su              run operations with su    用 su 命令
  -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER      指定SU的用户，默认是root用户
                        run operations with su as this user (default=root)
  -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)    
  -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER    sudo到哪个用户，默认为 root  
                        desired sudo user (default=root)
  -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT    指定SSH默认超时时间，  默认是10S
                        override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
  -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this directory     将日志内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。
  -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER    远程用户， 默认是root用户
                        connect as this user (default=root)
  --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE  
                        vault password file
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable    详细信息
                        connection debugging)
  --version             show program's version number and exit   输出ansible的版本