原型模式（Prototype）
是指使用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并通过复制（cloning）这个原型创建新的对象。也就是提供一个快速复制对象的快捷方式。
当然这里的复制指的是深复制，复制的是对象。

原型模式

OCdemo

@protocol ProtocolType <NSObject>

- (id)clone;

@end


@interface PrototypeModel : NSObject<NSCopying,ProtocolType>

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSUInteger age;
-(void)display;

@end

********************************

@implementation PrototypeModel

- (nonnull id)copyWithZone:(nullable NSZone *)zone {
    PrototypeModel * p = [[[self class] alloc]init];
    p.name = self.name;
    p.age = self.age;
    return p;
}

- (id)clone {
    return [self copy];
}

-(void)display
{
    NSLog(@"姓名：%@",_name);
    NSLog(@"年纪：%lu",(unsigned long)_age);
}

@end


********************************

//非原型创建，创建的过程是一个耗费cpu的过程 想象一下 足够大的数据量下都进行创建 系统性能会如何呢？而且如果对变量设置 基本上都是一样代码 造成代码冗余。
    PrototypeModel * p = [[PrototypeModel alloc]init];
    p.name = @"name1";
    p.age = 1;
    [p display];
    PrototypeModel * p1 = [[PrototypeModel alloc]init];
    p1.name = @"name1";
    p1.age = 1;
    [p1 display];
    
    //原型模式
    PrototypeModel * p00 =[[PrototypeModel alloc]init];
    p00.name = @"name1";
    p00.age = 1;
    [p00 display];
    PrototypeModel * p01= [p00 clone];
    [p01 display];

########

swiftDemo

//简单拷贝
设计模式我们在代码中经常会用到，那就是NSCopying协议
protocol SProtocolType {
     static func clone() ->SProtocolType
}
class SPrototypeModel: NSObject,SProtocolType,NSCopying {
    var name = ""
    func clone() -> SProtocolType {
        let p = SPrototypeModel()
        p.name = name;
        return p
    }
    func disPlay() {
        print("name: \(name)")
    }
}


//登记拷贝   实际上就是在简单拷贝的基础之上对这些clone对象进行管理
class CloneManager: NSObject {
    static let sharedManager = CloneManager()
    private var mapper: [String: Cloning] = [String: Cloning]()
    private override init() {
        super.init()
    }
    func store(prototype: Cloning, for identifier: String) {
        mapper[identifier] = prototype
    }
    func prototype(for identifier: String) -> Cloning? {
        return mapper[identifier]
    }
    func remove(with identifier: String) {
        mapper[identifier] = nil
    }
}
class ViewController: UIViewController {
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        let clone = author.clone()
        CloneManager.sharedManager.store(clone, "CloneInstance")
        let storedClone = CloneManager.sharedManager.prototype(for: "CloneInstance")
        if clone == storedClone {
            print("Store success")
        }
        if clone != author {
            print("You create a copy instance of author")
        }
         CloneManager.sharedManager.remove(with: "CloneInstance")
          assert( CloneManager.sharedManager.prototype(for: "CloneInstance") == nil )
    }
}