GitHub地址 https://github.com/Tencent/tinker
Tinker是什么？
Tinker是微信官方的Android热补丁解决方案，它支持动态下发代码、So库以及资源，让应用能够在不需要重新安装的情况下实现更新。当然，你也可以使用Tinker来更新你的插件。
它主要包括以下几个部分：
- gradle编译插件: tinker-patch-gradle-plugin
- 核心sdk库: tinker-android-lib
- 非gradle编译用户的命令行版本: tinker-patch-cli.jar
为什么使用Tinker？
热修复对比图
总的来说:
AndFix作为native解决方案，首先面临的是稳定性与兼容性问题，更重要的是它无法实现类替换，它是需要大量额外的开发成本的；
Robust兼容性与成功率较高，但是它与AndFix一样，无法新增变量与类只能用做的bugFix方案；
Qzone方案可以做到发布产品功能，但是它主要问题是插桩带来Dalvik的性能问题，以及为了解决Art下内存地址问题而导致补丁包急速增大的。
特别是在Android N之后，由于混合编译的inline策略修改，对于市面上的各种方案都不太容易解决。而Tinker热补丁方案不仅支持类、So以及资源的替换，它还是2.X－8.X(1.9.0以上支持8.X)的全平台支持。利用Tinker我们不仅可以用做bugfix,甚至可以替代功能的发布。Tinker已运行在微信的数亿Android设备上，那么为什么你不使用Tinker呢？
已知问题
由于原理与系统限制，Tinker有以下已知问题：
- Tinker不支持修改AndroidManifest.xml，Tinker不支持新增四大组件(1.9.0支持新增非export的Activity)；
- 由于Google Play的开发者条款限制，不建议在GP渠道动态更新代码；
- 在Android N上，补丁对应用启动时间有轻微的影响；
- 不支持部分三星android-21机型，加载补丁时会主动抛出"TinkerRuntimeException:checkDexInstall failed"；
- 对于资源替换，不支持修改remoteView。例如transition动画，notification icon以及桌面图标。
开始接入
1、引入插件依赖
// gradle根据自己需要配置，但不能高于4.0,本文测试使用的插件是3.5.3，gradle为6.1.1
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.4.0'
//fradle-wrapper.properies
"distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.1.1-all.zip"
//tinker插件
classpath "com.tencent.tinker:tinker-patch-gradle-plugin:1.9.1"
2、添加tinker依赖库和配置
// 在gradle.properties中定义统一Tinker版本管理
TINKER_VERSION = 1.9.14.18 //核心依赖库版本
GRADLE_3 = true //gradle是否是3.0以上的版本，还没有4.0以上的支持
TINKER_ID = 1 //tinker id
TINKER_ENALBE = true //是否使用tinker
//app tinker依赖
implementation("com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-lib:${TINKER_VERSION}") { changing = true }
implementation("com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-loader:${TINKER_VERSION}") { changing = true }
annotationProcessor("com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno:${TINKER_VERSION}") { changing = true }
compileOnly("com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno:${TINKER_VERSION}") { changing = true }
compileOnly("com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno-support:${TINKER_VERSION}") { changing = true }
//dex分包
implementation "androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.1"
// app build.gradle android defaultConfig中添加配置
multiDexEnabled true
multiDexKeepProguard file("tinker_multidexkeep.pro") //文件在下面
buildConfigField "String", "MESSAGE", "\"I am the base apk\""
buildConfigField "String", "TINKER_ID", "\"${TINKER_ID}\""
buildConfigField "String", "PLATFORM", "\"all\""
//android 中添加配置
dexOptions { jumboMode = true }
顶部添加 apply from：'tinker.gradle'
创建tinker.gradle ，暂时可以当固定写法
def bakPath = file("${buildDir}/bakApk/")
/**
* you can use assembleRelease to build you base apk
* use tinkerPatchRelease -POLD_APK= -PAPPLY_MAPPING= -PAPPLY_RESOURCE= to build patch
* add apk from the build/bakApk
*/
ext {
//for some reason, you may want to ignore tinkerBuild, such as instant run debug build?
tinkerEnabled = true
//for normal build
//old apk file to build patch apk
tinkerOldApkPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-10-35.apk"
//proguard mapping file to build patch apk
tinkerApplyMappingPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47-mapping.txt"
//resource R.txt to build patch apk, must input if there is resource changed
tinkerApplyResourcePath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-10-35-R.txt"
//only use for build all flavor, if not, just ignore this field
tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-10-35-R.txt"
}
def getOldApkPath() {
return hasProperty("OLD_APK") ? OLD_APK : ext.tinkerOldApkPath
}
def getApplyMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_MAPPING") ? APPLY_MAPPING : ext.tinkerApplyMappingPath
}
def getApplyResourceMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_RESOURCE") ? APPLY_RESOURCE : ext.tinkerApplyResourcePath
}
def getTinkerIdValue() {
return hasProperty("TINKER_ID") ? TINKER_ID : gitSha()
}
def buildWithTinker() {
return hasProperty("TINKER_ENABLE") ? Boolean.parseBoolean(TINKER_ENABLE) : ext.tinkerEnabled
}
def getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory() {
return ext.tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory
}
if (buildWithTinker()) {
apply plugin: 'com.tencent.tinker.patch'
tinkerPatch {
/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* the old apk path, use to diff with the new apk to build
* add apk from the build/bakApk
*/
oldApk = getOldApkPath()
/**
* optional，default 'false'
* there are some cases we may get some warnings
* if ignoreWarning is true, we would just assert the patch process
* case 1: minSdkVersion is below 14, but you are using dexMode with raw.
* it must be crash when load.
* case 2: newly added Android Component in AndroidManifest.xml,
* it must be crash when load.
* case 3: loader classes in dex.loader{} are not keep in the main dex,
* it must be let tinker not work.
* case 4: loader classes in dex.loader{} changes,
* loader classes is ues to load patch dex. it is useless to change them.
* it won't crash, but these changes can't effect. you may ignore it
* case 5: resources.arsc has changed, but we don't use applyResourceMapping to build
*/
ignoreWarning = false
/**
* optional，default 'true'
* whether sign the patch file
* if not, you must do yourself. otherwise it can't check success during the patch loading
* we will use the sign config with your build type
*/
useSign = true
/**
* optional，default 'true'
* whether use tinker to build
*/
tinkerEnable = buildWithTinker()
/**
* Warning, applyMapping will affect the normal android build!
*/
buildConfig {
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* if we use tinkerPatch to build the patch apk, you'd better to apply the old
* apk mapping file if minifyEnabled is enable!
* Warning:
* you must be careful that it will affect the normal assemble build!
*/
applyMapping = getApplyMappingPath()
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* It is nice to keep the resource id from R.txt file to reduce java changes
*/
applyResourceMapping = getApplyResourceMappingPath()
/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* because we don't want to check the base apk with md5 in the runtime(it is slow)
* tinkerId is use to identify the unique base apk when the patch is tried to apply.
* we can use git rev, svn rev or simply versionCode.
* we will gen the tinkerId in your manifest automatic
*/
tinkerId = getTinkerIdValue()
/**
* if keepDexApply is true, class in which dex refer to the old apk.
* open this can reduce the dex diff file size.
*/
keepDexApply = false
/**
* optional, default 'false'
* Whether tinker should treat the base apk as the one being protected by app
* protection tools.
* If this attribute is true, the generated patch package will contain a
* dex including all changed classes instead of any dexdiff patch-info files.
*/
isProtectedApp = false
/**
* optional, default 'false'
* Whether tinker should support component hotplug (add new component dynamically).
* If this attribute is true, the component added in new apk will be available after
* patch is successfully loaded. Otherwise an error would be announced when generating patch
* on compile-time.
*
* <b>Notice that currently this feature is incubating and only support NON-EXPORTED Activity</b>
*/
supportHotplugComponent = false
}
dex {
/**
* optional，default 'jar'
* only can be 'raw' or 'jar'. for raw, we would keep its original format
* for jar, we would repack dexes with zip format.
* if you want to support below 14, you must use jar
* or you want to save rom or check quicker, you can use raw mode also
*/
dexMode = "jar"
/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* what dexes in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
*/
pattern = ["classes*.dex",
"assets/secondary-dex-?.jar"]
/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* Warning, it is very very important, loader classes can't change with patch.
* thus, they will be removed from patch dexes.
* you must put the following class into main dex.
* Simply, you should add your own application {@code tinker.sample.android.SampleApplication}
* own tinkerLoader, and the classes you use in them
*
*/
loader = [
//use sample, let BaseBuildInfo unchangeable with tinker
"tinker.sample.android.app.BaseBuildInfo"
]
}
lib {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what library in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* for library in assets, we would just recover them in the patch directory
* you can get them in TinkerLoadResult with Tinker
*/
pattern = ["lib/*/*.so"]
}
res {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what resource in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* you must include all your resources in apk here,
* otherwise, they won't repack in the new apk resources.
*/
pattern = ["res/*", "assets/*", "resources.arsc", "AndroidManifest.xml"]
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* the resource file exclude patterns, ignore add, delete or modify resource change
* it support * or ? pattern.
* Warning, we can only use for files no relative with resources.arsc
*/
ignoreChange = ["assets/sample_meta.txt"]
/**
* default 100kb
* for modify resource, if it is larger than 'largeModSize'
* we would like to use bsdiff algorithm to reduce patch file size
*/
largeModSize = 100
}
packageConfig {
/**
* optional，default 'TINKER_ID, TINKER_ID_VALUE' 'NEW_TINKER_ID, NEW_TINKER_ID_VALUE'
* package meta file gen. path is assets/package_meta.txt in patch file
* you can use securityCheck.getPackageProperties() in your ownPackageCheck method
* or TinkerLoadResult.getPackageConfigByName
* we will get the TINKER_ID from the old apk manifest for you automatic,
* other config files (such as patchMessage below)is not necessary
*/
configField("patchMessage", "tinker is sample to use")
/**
* just a sample case, you can use such as sdkVersion, brand, channel...
* you can parse it in the SamplePatchListener.
* Then you can use patch conditional!
*/
configField("platform", "all")
/**
* patch version via packageConfig
*/
configField("patchVersion", "1.0")
}
//or you can add config filed outside, or get meta value from old apk
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test1", project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.getMetaDataFromOldApk("Test"))
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test2", "sample")
/**
* if you don't use zipArtifact or path, we just use 7za to try
*/
sevenZip {
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* the 7zip artifact path, it will use the right 7za with your platform
*/
zipArtifact = "com.tencent.mm:SevenZip:1.1.10"
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* you can specify the 7za path yourself, it will overwrite the zipArtifact value
*/
// path = "/usr/local/bin/7za"
}
}
List<String> flavors = new ArrayList<>();
project.android.productFlavors.each { flavor ->
flavors.add(flavor.name)
}
boolean hasFlavors = flavors.size() > 0
def date = new Date().format("MMdd-HH-mm-ss")
/**
* bak apk and mapping
*/
android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
/**
* task type, you want to bak
*/
def taskName = variant.name
tasks.all {
if ("assemble${taskName.capitalize()}".equalsIgnoreCase(it.name)) {
it.doLast {
copy {
def fileNamePrefix = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}"
def newFileNamePrefix = hasFlavors ? "${fileNamePrefix}" : "${fileNamePrefix}-${date}"
def destPath = hasFlavors ? file("${bakPath}/${project.name}-${date}/${variant.flavorName}") : bakPath
if (variant.metaClass.hasProperty(variant, 'packageApplicationProvider')) {
def packageAndroidArtifact = variant.packageApplicationProvider.get()
if (packageAndroidArtifact != null) {
try {
from new File(packageAndroidArtifact.outputDirectory.getAsFile().get(), variant.outputs.first().apkData.outputFileName)
} catch (Exception e) {
from new File(packageAndroidArtifact.outputDirectory, variant.outputs.first().apkData.outputFileName)
}
} else {
from variant.outputs.first().mainOutputFile.outputFile
}
} else {
from variant.outputs.first().outputFile
}
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("${fileNamePrefix}.apk", "${newFileNamePrefix}.apk")
}
def dirName = variant.dirName
if (hasFlavors) {
dirName = taskName
}
from "${buildDir}/outputs/mapping/${dirName}/mapping.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("mapping.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-mapping.txt")
}
from "${buildDir}/intermediates/symbols/${dirName}/R.txt"
from "${buildDir}/intermediates/symbol_list/${dirName}/R.txt"
from "${buildDir}/intermediates/runtime_symbol_list/${dirName}/R.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("R.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-R.txt")
}
}
}
}
}
}
project.afterEvaluate {
//sample use for build all flavor for one time
if (hasFlavors) {
task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorRelease) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Release")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}ReleaseManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 15)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-R.txt"
}
}
}
task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorDebug) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Debug")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}DebugManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 13)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-R.txt"
}
}
}
}
}
}
tinker_multidexkeep.pro
#tinker multidex keep patterns:
-keep public class * implements com.tencent.tinker.entry.ApplicationLifeCycle {
<init>(...);
void onBaseContextAttached(android.content.Context);
}
-keep public class com.tencent.tinker.entry.ApplicationLifeCycle {
*;
}
-keep public class * extends com.tencent.tinker.loader.TinkerLoader {
<init>(...);
}
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application {
<init>();
void attachBaseContext(android.content.Context);
}
-keep class com.tencent.tinker.loader.TinkerTestAndroidNClassLoader {
<init>(...);
}
#your dex.loader patterns here 替换为自己在下面SampleApplicationLike中定义的applciaiton
-keep class com.sl.tinker.MuApplication{
<init>(...);
}
-keep class com.tencent.tinker.loader.** {
<init>(...);
}
-keep class android.support.test.internal** { *; }
-keep class org.junit.** { *; }
3、创建Application代理类 、 配置application、TinkerManager、配置AndroidManifest
自己App的MyApplication，继承TinkerApplication，实现构造方法。app的mainifest中配置的为本类
package com.sl.tinker;
import com.tencent.tinker.loader.app.TinkerApplication;
public class MyApplication extends TinkerApplication {
public MyApplication() {
//注意第二个参数为SampleApplicationLike的路径
super(15, "com.sl.tinker.SampleApplicationLike", "com.tencent.tinker.loader.TinkerLoader", false, false);
}
}
代理Application类： SampleApplciationLike(名字随便取，但需要和MyApplcation中对应)继承DefaultApplicationLike
package com.sl.tinker;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import androidx.multidex.MultiDex;
import com.sl.tinkerdemo.util.TinkerManager;
import com.tencent.tinker.anno.DefaultLifeCycle;
import com.tencent.tinker.entry.DefaultApplicationLike;
import com.tencent.tinker.lib.tinker.Tinker;
import com.tencent.tinker.loader.shareutil.ShareConstants;
//注解关联MyApplicaiton：这里的applicaiton不能为MyApplication，否则会报已存在类。
@DefaultLifeCycle(application = "com.sl.tinker.MuApplication", flags = ShareConstants.TINKER_ENABLE_ALL)
public class SampleApplicationLike extends DefaultApplicationLike {
public SampleApplicationLike(Application application, int tinkerFlags, boolean tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, long applicationStartElapsedTime, long applicationStartMillisTime, Intent tinkerResultIntent) {
super(application, tinkerFlags, tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, applicationStartElapsedTime, applicationStartMillisTime, tinkerResultIntent);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//在这里实现app的sak的初始化
}
@Override
public void onBaseContextAttached(Context base) {
super.onBaseContextAttached(base);
MultiDex.install(base);
TinkerManager.setTinkerApplicationLike(this);
TinkerManager.setUpgradeRetryEnable(true);
TinkerManager.installTinker(this);
Tinker.with(getApplication());
}
}
TinkerManager相关从tinker-sample-android中拷贝修改的，并将相关类一起拷贝，service记得在androidmanifest中注册。最终目录结果如下：
image.png
AndroidManifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sl.tinker">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:name=".MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".TinkerActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service
android:name=".service.SampleResultService"
android:exported="false"
android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
</application>
</manifest>
4、编写有bug的代码
TinkerActivity
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.sl.tinker.TinkerActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="这是有bug的apk"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="点我修复bug"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="xiufuCheck"
android:text="检查bug是否已修复"/>
</LinearLayout>
package com.sl.tinker;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.tencent.tinker.lib.tinker.TinkerInstaller;
public class TinkerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView mTextView;
private Button mButton;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_tinker);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn)
mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//第二个参数，加载补丁的存放地址，由程序员自己定制
TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplicationContext(),
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
+ "/patch_signed_7zip.apk");//等下要push到SD卡里面去apk，以达到更新的目的
}
});
}
public void xiufuCheck(View view) {
Toast.makeText(this,"我是有bug的",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
4、生成基础的apk包 并安装
使用gradle的assembel生成基础apk
双击选中开始生成基础包
然后在app的build下生成如下内容：
image.png
app-debug-1124-15-48-44.apk即为debug生成的基础包
app-debug-1124-15-48-44-R.txt 为对应的资源内容
将app-debug-1124-15-48-44.apk安装在机子上启动：
image.png
5、生成差异的apk文件
- 1、在 tinker.gradle中修改tinkerOldApk的路径为路径4生成的包，修改tinkerApplyResoursePath为4中生成的资源路径
//基本apk路径
tinkerOldApkPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-48-44.apk"
tinkerApplyResoursePath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-48-44-R.txt"
tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1124-15-48-44-R.txt"
- 2、按照自己的意愿修改activity的res显示和代码
-
3、使用gradle的 app/Tasks/tinker/tinkerPatchDebug生成差分包
image.png
生成的差分包app/build/outputs/apk/tinkerPatch/debug/patch_signed_7zip.apk
差异包内容
- 3、将生成的差分包apk放入ManiActivity中TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch()方法定义的路径中，点击加载，杀死app，再重新打开
mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//路径自己定
TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplicationContext(),
// Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
getExternalFilesDir("tinker")
+ "/patch_signed_7zip.apk");//等下要push到SD卡里面去apk，以达到更新的目的
}
});
再重新打开就修改了资源和内容。
初步尝试，已获成功。但自己项目中没有使用到热修复，如果不到之处，敬请提出，感谢！
在尝试的时候遇到的问题：我的AndroidStudio为3.5.3，当我使用gradle插件为3.6.4，gradle为6.1.1的时候，在编译的时候就报错
Caused by: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No signature of method: org.gradle.api.internal.file.DefaultFilePropertyFactory$DefaultDirectoryVar.getFiles() is applicable for argument types: () values: []
如有解决的或知道的，请指教一下，感谢！
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