今天背单词时背到了这个词,一般我们都是在初中接触了这个词,普遍理解junk food =垃圾食品,然而今天却看到了它的其他意思,中国船。作为可数名词,a junk is a Chinese sailing boat that has a flat bottom and square sails.COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers 也就是在柯林斯词典中junk被翻译为所谓的"中国船"再看美式英语中junk in American English is a Chinese or Japanese flat-bottomed ship with a high stern and lugsails or lateen sails Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th Edition. Copyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.在较近的2010年的词典中junk 仍是中国船的意思,尽管有日本船作为难兄难弟.那么junk 为什么有了中国船的翻译呢,我仅猜测为,因为甲午中日战争中,中国船支全军覆没,给当时的大不列颠帝国军队留下了"junk的印象"。一边是我们的战士随着千疮百孔的军舰沉入染红了的冰凉的海水中,一边是"绅士们",扫兴地嘲讽"such a junk."。但这只是我的臆想,我还是去搜了搜。
引用一段网友在买乐高玩具发现junk 一词时搜索到的资料:乐高日历Junk is a type of ancient Chinese sailing ship that is still in use today. Junks were used as seagoing vessels as early as the 2nd century AD and developed rapidly during the Song dynasty (960–1279).They evolved in the later dynasties, and wer.They evolved in the later dynasties, and were used throughout Asia for extensive ocean voyages. They were found, and in lesser numbers are still found, throughout South-East Asia and India, but primarily in China. Found more broadly today is a growing number of modern recreational junk-rigged sailboats.The term junk may be used to cover many kinds of boat—ocean-going, cargo-carrying, pleasure boats, live-aboards. They vary greatly in size and there are significant regional variations in the type of rig, however they all employ fully battened sails. The term junk (Portuguese junco; Dutch jonk; and Spanish junco) was also used by European explorers for large unrelated native Austronesian warships, like the Philippine karakoa and the Maluku kora kora.这段总体的意思就是乐高官方的名称为“Junk boat”直接翻译中国船。后来经过各种求证之后,才知道是专有名词中国帆船。junk 一种中国独创的古老帆船类型,首出自在汉朝的《南州异物志》(来自百度百科), 早在公元2世纪,Junks就被用作远洋船只,并在宋朝(960-1279)迅速发展(来自维基百科)。经过改良演变后,在整个亚洲用于广泛的海洋航行,也分布于东南亚,但主要活跃于中国。同时,这艘船的造型也被经常使用在一帆风顺的祝愿中。似乎看到这里,我应该感慨它原来是尊重中国宋时期的文话和当时的船只模型。
但始终有些意难平,又去搜了搜。一位名皖1999的网友曾解释,英文的junk的却有一个意思是指:A Chinese flatbottom ship with a high poop and battened sails.即一种高桅的平底船。 这个词其实源自葡萄牙语的junco或荷兰语的jonk,而葡语和荷兰语又都源自日语djong(djung的变体)- 日本古语里面涉及jong,表示sea-going ship,意思正是航海船的意思。因此,这个词只是对中国古航海船的一种翻译,其发音源自日语,是西方从日本那里“舶来”的一个词。这个词本身是有历史的,而词性的改变也是有渊源的。这个词的词源,jonk,最早出现于1353年,意思是“an old cable or rope”,旧线缆或绳子,而且这个词是和中世纪的航海息息相关的。当时的历史是,在航海的船上面,除非得到新的补给,否则再老旧的家伙拾儿也不会被丢弃。而这个时期,和日本古语jong大致相同,也许是葡萄牙或荷兰的航海家们从日本岛那里发现了那种平底高桅的中国古船,因此他们就根据谐音翻译了。那时的jonk可一点没有“垃圾”的含义。后来出现了一种船,叫junk ship,就是把船上老旧的设备收集出售,再后来陆地时代的兴起,junk ship就变成了junk shop,再后来junk就演变成了废旧无用的东西,最后演变成了现代意义上垃圾。
可能到了这里我不再是一个杠精,不会再感到屈辱,致我爱抬杠的爱国精神。你们看到" junk " 被翻译成"中国船"会气愤吗?
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