新的一年又开始了，我打算先把年前看的webrtc的流程先梳理下。省的后面忙于其他事情，时间一长又忘记了。还是尽量按webrtc开篇中的顺利来梳理吧。在之前的两篇博客中基本完成了webrtc视频采集的分析，因此本篇开始就分析一下webrtc视频编码相关的内容，准备分三篇来介绍。
废话少说，如下图所示，主要是从初始化流程和编码流程来分析webrtc视频编码模块，step1～step31是初始化流程，主要是创建相关的对象，step32～step49是编码流程，本篇文章打算先分析一下初始化流程。
上面流程涉及的主要类如下所示：
VideoStreamEncoder实现了VideoSinkInterface和EncodedImageCallback接口，当做为一个VideoSinkInterface对象时，可以接收VideoBroadcaster分发的图像。当做为一个EncodedImageCallback对象时，可以接收MediaCodecVideoEncoder编码后的码流数据。MediaCodecVideoEncoder的callback_是一个VCMEncodedFrameCallback对象，VCMEncodedFrameCallback的post_encode_callback_是一个VideoStreamEncoder对象，因此编码后的数据就可以通过callback_成员回调到VideoStreamEncoder。
创建视频发送Stream时会调用WebRtcVideoSendStream的RecreateWebRtcStream，在这个过程会完成视频编码模块初始化工作，RecreateWebRtcStream主要代码如下：
void WebRtcVideoChannel::WebRtcVideoSendStream::RecreateWebRtcStream() {
stream_ = call_->CreateVideoSendStream(std::move(config),
parameters_.encoder_config.Copy());
if (source_) {
stream_->SetSource(this, GetDegradationPreference());
}
}
主要包括如下两个流程：
- 调用Call对象的CreateVideoSendStream创建VideoSendStream对象。
- 调用SetSource函数设置图像数据源，最后会调用VideoTrack的AddOrUpdateSink函数注册sink对象，该sink对象是一个VideoStreamEncoder对象。
Call的CreateVideoSendStream主要代码如下：
webrtc::VideoSendStream* Call::CreateVideoSendStream(
webrtc::VideoSendStream::Config config,
VideoEncoderConfig encoder_config) {
VideoSendStream* send_stream = new VideoSendStream(
num_cpu_cores_, module_process_thread_.get(), &worker_queue_,
call_stats_.get(), transport_send_.get(), bitrate_allocator_.get(),
video_send_delay_stats_.get(), event_log_, std::move(config),
std::move(encoder_config), suspended_video_send_ssrcs_,
suspended_video_payload_states_);
return send_stream;
}
VideoSendStream的构造函数如下所示：
VideoSendStream::VideoSendStream(
int num_cpu_cores,
ProcessThread* module_process_thread,
rtc::TaskQueue* worker_queue,
CallStats* call_stats,
RtpTransportControllerSendInterface* transport,
BitrateAllocator* bitrate_allocator,
SendDelayStats* send_delay_stats,
RtcEventLog* event_log,
VideoSendStream::Config config,
VideoEncoderConfig encoder_config,
const std::map<uint32_t, RtpState>& suspended_ssrcs,
const std::map<uint32_t, RtpPayloadState>& suspended_payload_states)
: worker_queue_(worker_queue),
thread_sync_event_(false /* manual_reset */, false),
stats_proxy_(Clock::GetRealTimeClock(),
config,
encoder_config.content_type),
config_(std::move(config)),
content_type_(encoder_config.content_type) {
video_stream_encoder_.reset(
new VideoStreamEncoder(num_cpu_cores, &stats_proxy_,
config_.encoder_settings,
config_.pre_encode_callback,
std::unique_ptr<OveruseFrameDetector>()));
worker_queue_->PostTask(std::unique_ptr<rtc::QueuedTask>(new ConstructionTask(
&send_stream_, &thread_sync_event_, &stats_proxy_,
video_stream_encoder_.get(), module_process_thread, call_stats, transport,
bitrate_allocator, send_delay_stats, event_log, &config_,
encoder_config.max_bitrate_bps, suspended_ssrcs, suspended_payload_states,
encoder_config.content_type)));
// Wait for ConstructionTask to complete so that |send_stream_| can be used.
// |module_process_thread| must be registered and deregistered on the thread
// it was created on.
thread_sync_event_.Wait(rtc::Event::kForever);
send_stream_->RegisterProcessThread(module_process_thread);
// TODO(sprang): Enable this also for regular video calls if it works well.
if (encoder_config.content_type == VideoEncoderConfig::ContentType::kScreen) {
// Only signal target bitrate for screenshare streams, for now.
video_stream_encoder_->SetBitrateObserver(send_stream_.get());
}
ReconfigureVideoEncoder(std::move(encoder_config));
}
主要是创建了VideoStreamEncoder对象和VideoSendStreamImpl对象，然后调用ReconfigureVideoEncoder初始化编码器，VideoSendStreamImpl对象的创建是在ConstructionTask的Run函数中完成的，如下所示：
bool Run() override {
send_stream_->reset(new VideoSendStreamImpl(
stats_proxy_, rtc::TaskQueue::Current(), call_stats_, transport_,
bitrate_allocator_, send_delay_stats_, video_stream_encoder_,
event_log_, config_, initial_encoder_max_bitrate_,
std::move(suspended_ssrcs_), std::move(suspended_payload_states_),
content_type_));
return true;
}
VideoStreamEncoder的构造函数如下所示：
VideoStreamEncoder::VideoStreamEncoder(
uint32_t number_of_cores,
SendStatisticsProxy* stats_proxy,
const VideoSendStream::Config::EncoderSettings& settings,
rtc::VideoSinkInterface<VideoFrame>* pre_encode_callback,
std::unique_ptr<OveruseFrameDetector> overuse_detector)
: shutdown_event_(true /* manual_reset */, false),
number_of_cores_(number_of_cores),
initial_rampup_(0),
source_proxy_(new VideoSourceProxy(this)),
sink_(nullptr),
settings_(settings),
codec_type_(PayloadStringToCodecType(settings.payload_name)),
video_sender_(Clock::GetRealTimeClock(), this),
overuse_detector_(
overuse_detector.get()
? overuse_detector.release()
: new OveruseFrameDetector(
GetCpuOveruseOptions(settings.full_overuse_time),
this,
stats_proxy)),
stats_proxy_(stats_proxy),
pre_encode_callback_(pre_encode_callback),
max_framerate_(-1),
pending_encoder_reconfiguration_(false),
encoder_start_bitrate_bps_(0),
max_data_payload_length_(0),
nack_enabled_(false),
last_observed_bitrate_bps_(0),
encoder_paused_and_dropped_frame_(false),
clock_(Clock::GetRealTimeClock()),
degradation_preference_(
VideoSendStream::DegradationPreference::kDegradationDisabled),
posted_frames_waiting_for_encode_(0),
last_captured_timestamp_(0),
delta_ntp_internal_ms_(clock_->CurrentNtpInMilliseconds() -
clock_->TimeInMilliseconds()),
last_frame_log_ms_(clock_->TimeInMilliseconds()),
captured_frame_count_(0),
dropped_frame_count_(0),
bitrate_observer_(nullptr),
encoder_queue_("EncoderQueue") {
RTC_DCHECK(stats_proxy);
encoder_queue_.PostTask([this] {
RTC_DCHECK_RUN_ON(&encoder_queue_);
overuse_detector_->StartCheckForOveruse();
video_sender_.RegisterExternalEncoder(
settings_.encoder, settings_.payload_type, settings_.internal_source);
});
}
主要是初始化source_proxy_对象和video_sender_对象，VideoSender构造函数如下所示：
VideoSender::VideoSender(Clock* clock,
EncodedImageCallback* post_encode_callback)
: _encoder(nullptr),
_mediaOpt(clock),
_encodedFrameCallback(post_encode_callback, &_mediaOpt),
post_encode_callback_(post_encode_callback),
_codecDataBase(&_encodedFrameCallback),
frame_dropper_enabled_(true),
current_codec_(),
encoder_params_({BitrateAllocation(), 0, 0, 0}),
encoder_has_internal_source_(false),
next_frame_types_(1, kVideoFrameDelta) {
_mediaOpt.Reset();
// Allow VideoSender to be created on one thread but used on another, post
// construction. This is currently how this class is being used by at least
// one external project (diffractor).
sequenced_checker_.Detach();
}
主要是初始化_encodedFrameCallback和codecDataBase对象，VCMEncodedFrameCallback构造函数如下所示，
post_encode_callback是一个VideoStreamEncoder对象：
VCMEncodedFrameCallback::VCMEncodedFrameCallback(
EncodedImageCallback* post_encode_callback,
media_optimization::MediaOptimization* media_opt)
: internal_source_(false),
post_encode_callback_(post_encode_callback),
media_opt_(media_opt),
framerate_(1),
last_timing_frame_time_ms_(-1),
timing_frames_thresholds_({-1, 0}),
incorrect_capture_time_logged_messages_(0),
reordered_frames_logged_messages_(0),
stalled_encoder_logged_messages_(0) {
}
VCMCodecDataBase构造函数如下所示，encoded_frame_callback_是一个VCMEncodedFrameCallback对象：
VCMCodecDataBase::VCMCodecDataBase(
VCMEncodedFrameCallback* encoded_frame_callback)
: number_of_cores_(0),
max_payload_size_(kDefaultPayloadSize),
periodic_key_frames_(false),
pending_encoder_reset_(true),
send_codec_(),
receive_codec_(),
encoder_payload_type_(0),
external_encoder_(nullptr),
internal_source_(false),
encoded_frame_callback_(encoded_frame_callback),
dec_map_(),
dec_external_map_() {}
在VideoStreamEncoder的构造函数中，调用VideoSender的RegisterExternalEncoder函数最终将编码器对象保存在VCMCodecDataBase的external_encoder_成员，如下所示：
void VCMCodecDataBase::RegisterExternalEncoder(VideoEncoder* external_encoder,
uint8_t payload_type,
bool internal_source) {
// Since only one encoder can be used at a given time, only one external
// encoder can be registered/used.
external_encoder_ = external_encoder;
encoder_payload_type_ = payload_type;
internal_source_ = internal_source;
pending_encoder_reset_ = true;
}
编码器对象是通过WebRtcVideoEncoderFactory创建的，如下所示：
void WebRtcVideoChannel::WebRtcVideoSendStream::SetCodec(
const VideoCodecSettings& codec_settings,
bool force_encoder_allocation) {
std::unique_ptr<webrtc::VideoEncoder> new_encoder;
if (force_encoder_allocation || !allocated_encoder_ ||
allocated_codec_ != codec_settings.codec) {
const webrtc::SdpVideoFormat format(codec_settings.codec.name,
codec_settings.codec.params);
new_encoder = encoder_factory_->CreateVideoEncoder(format);
parameters_.config.encoder_settings.encoder = new_encoder.get();
const webrtc::VideoEncoderFactory::CodecInfo info =
encoder_factory_->QueryVideoEncoder(format);
parameters_.config.encoder_settings.full_overuse_time =
info.is_hardware_accelerated;
parameters_.config.encoder_settings.internal_source =
info.has_internal_source;
} else {
new_encoder = std::move(allocated_encoder_);
}
parameters_.config.encoder_settings.payload_name = codec_settings.codec.name;
parameters_.config.encoder_settings.payload_type = codec_settings.codec.id;
}
以Android MediaCodec编码器为例，MediaCodecVideoEncoderFactory的CreateVideoEncoder定义如下：
VideoEncoder* MediaCodecVideoEncoderFactory::CreateVideoEncoder(
const cricket::VideoCodec& codec) {
if (supported_codecs().empty()) {
ALOGW << "No HW video encoder for codec " << codec.name;
return nullptr;
}
if (FindMatchingCodec(supported_codecs(), codec)) {
ALOGD << "Create HW video encoder for " << codec.name;
JNIEnv* jni = AttachCurrentThreadIfNeeded();
ScopedLocalRefFrame local_ref_frame(jni);
return new MediaCodecVideoEncoder(jni, codec, egl_context_);
}
ALOGW << "Can not find HW video encoder for type " << codec.name;
return nullptr;
}
可见VCMCodecDataBase的external_encoder_是一个MediaCodecVideoEncoder对象。
回到VideoSendStream的构造函数中，调用的ReconfigureVideoEncoder最后会调用VCMCodecDataBase的SetSendCodec函数，如下所示，主要是创建并初始化VCMGenericEncoder对象，其中external_encoder_是一个MediaCodecVideoEncoder对象，encoded_frame_callback_是一个VCMEncodedFrameCallback对象。
bool VCMCodecDataBase::SetSendCodec(const VideoCodec* send_codec,
int number_of_cores,
size_t max_payload_size) {
ptr_encoder_.reset(new VCMGenericEncoder(
external_encoder_, encoded_frame_callback_, internal_source_));
encoded_frame_callback_->SetInternalSource(internal_source_);
if (ptr_encoder_->InitEncode(&send_codec_, number_of_cores_,
max_payload_size_) < 0) {
RTC_LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Failed to initialize video encoder.";
DeleteEncoder();
return false;
}
｝
VCMGenericEncoder的构造函数如下所示，encoder_和vcm_encoded_frame_callback_保存的分别是MediaCodecVideoEncoder对象和VCMEncodedFrameCallback对象。
VCMGenericEncoder::VCMGenericEncoder(
VideoEncoder* encoder,
VCMEncodedFrameCallback* encoded_frame_callback,
bool internal_source)
: encoder_(encoder),
vcm_encoded_frame_callback_(encoded_frame_callback),
internal_source_(internal_source),
encoder_params_({BitrateAllocation(), 0, 0, 0}),
streams_or_svc_num_(0) {}
VCMGenericEncoder的InitEncode函数定义如下所示：
int32_t VCMGenericEncoder::InitEncode(const VideoCodec* settings,
int32_t number_of_cores,
size_t max_payload_size) {
RTC_DCHECK_RUNS_SERIALIZED(&race_checker_);
TRACE_EVENT0("webrtc", "VCMGenericEncoder::InitEncode");
streams_or_svc_num_ = settings->numberOfSimulcastStreams;
codec_type_ = settings->codecType;
if (settings->codecType == kVideoCodecVP9) {
streams_or_svc_num_ = settings->VP9().numberOfSpatialLayers;
}
if (streams_or_svc_num_ == 0)
streams_or_svc_num_ = 1;
vcm_encoded_frame_callback_->SetTimingFramesThresholds(
settings->timing_frame_thresholds);
vcm_encoded_frame_callback_->OnFrameRateChanged(settings->maxFramerate);
if (encoder_->InitEncode(settings, number_of_cores, max_payload_size) != 0) {
RTC_LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Failed to initialize the encoder associated with "
"payload name: "
<< settings->plName;
return -1;
}
vcm_encoded_frame_callback_->Reset();
encoder_->RegisterEncodeCompleteCallback(vcm_encoded_frame_callback_);
return 0;
}
主要是调用MediaCodecVideoEncoder的InitEncode函数创建并初始化编码器，并将VCMEncodedFrameCallback注册到MediaCodecVideoEncoder中用来接收编码后的数据。
InitEncode函数最后会调用java层MediaCodecVideoEncoder的initEncode函数，如下所示，在这里完成了创建并初始化Android MediaCodec编码器的工作。
@CalledByNativeUnchecked
boolean initEncode(VideoCodecType type, int profile, int width, int height, int kbps, int fps,
EglBase14.Context sharedContext) {
final boolean useSurface = sharedContext != null;
Logging.d(TAG,
"Java initEncode: " + type + ". Profile: " + profile + " : " + width + " x " + height
+ ". @ " + kbps + " kbps. Fps: " + fps + ". Encode from texture : " + useSurface);
this.profile = profile;
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
if (mediaCodecThread != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Forgot to release()?");
}
EncoderProperties properties = null;
String mime = null;
int keyFrameIntervalSec = 0;
boolean configureH264HighProfile = false;
if (type == VideoCodecType.VIDEO_CODEC_VP8) {
mime = VP8_MIME_TYPE;
properties = findHwEncoder(
VP8_MIME_TYPE, vp8HwList(), useSurface ? supportedSurfaceColorList : supportedColorList);
keyFrameIntervalSec = 100;
} else if (type == VideoCodecType.VIDEO_CODEC_VP9) {
mime = VP9_MIME_TYPE;
properties = findHwEncoder(
VP9_MIME_TYPE, vp9HwList, useSurface ? supportedSurfaceColorList : supportedColorList);
keyFrameIntervalSec = 100;
} else if (type == VideoCodecType.VIDEO_CODEC_H264) {
mime = H264_MIME_TYPE;
properties = findHwEncoder(
H264_MIME_TYPE, h264HwList, useSurface ? supportedSurfaceColorList : supportedColorList);
if (profile == H264Profile.CONSTRAINED_HIGH.getValue()) {
EncoderProperties h264HighProfileProperties = findHwEncoder(H264_MIME_TYPE,
h264HighProfileHwList, useSurface ? supportedSurfaceColorList : supportedColorList);
if (h264HighProfileProperties != null) {
Logging.d(TAG, "High profile H.264 encoder supported.");
configureH264HighProfile = true;
} else {
Logging.d(TAG, "High profile H.264 encoder requested, but not supported. Use baseline.");
}
}
keyFrameIntervalSec = 20;
}
if (properties == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can not find HW encoder for " + type);
}
runningInstance = this; // Encoder is now running and can be queried for stack traces.
colorFormat = properties.colorFormat;
bitrateAdjustmentType = properties.bitrateAdjustmentType;
if (bitrateAdjustmentType == BitrateAdjustmentType.FRAMERATE_ADJUSTMENT) {
fps = BITRATE_ADJUSTMENT_FPS;
} else {
fps = Math.min(fps, MAXIMUM_INITIAL_FPS);
}
forcedKeyFrameMs = 0;
lastKeyFrameMs = -1;
if (type == VideoCodecType.VIDEO_CODEC_VP8
&& properties.codecName.startsWith(qcomVp8HwProperties.codecPrefix)) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP
|| Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
forcedKeyFrameMs = QCOM_VP8_KEY_FRAME_INTERVAL_ANDROID_L_MS;
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
forcedKeyFrameMs = QCOM_VP8_KEY_FRAME_INTERVAL_ANDROID_M_MS;
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
forcedKeyFrameMs = QCOM_VP8_KEY_FRAME_INTERVAL_ANDROID_N_MS;
}
}
Logging.d(TAG, "Color format: " + colorFormat + ". Bitrate adjustment: " + bitrateAdjustmentType
+ ". Key frame interval: " + forcedKeyFrameMs + " . Initial fps: " + fps);
targetBitrateBps = 1000 * kbps;
targetFps = fps;
bitrateAccumulatorMax = targetBitrateBps / 8.0;
bitrateAccumulator = 0;
bitrateObservationTimeMs = 0;
bitrateAdjustmentScaleExp = 0;
mediaCodecThread = Thread.currentThread();
try {
MediaFormat format = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(mime, width, height);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, targetBitrateBps);
format.setInteger("bitrate-mode", VIDEO_ControlRateConstant);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, properties.colorFormat);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, targetFps);
format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, keyFrameIntervalSec);
if (configureH264HighProfile) {
format.setInteger("profile", VIDEO_AVCProfileHigh);
format.setInteger("level", VIDEO_AVCLevel3);
}
Logging.d(TAG, " Format: " + format);
mediaCodec = createByCodecName(properties.codecName);
this.type = type;
if (mediaCodec == null) {
Logging.e(TAG, "Can not create media encoder");
release();
return false;
}
mediaCodec.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
if (useSurface) {
eglBase = new EglBase14(sharedContext, EglBase.CONFIG_RECORDABLE);
// Create an input surface and keep a reference since we must release the surface when done.
inputSurface = mediaCodec.createInputSurface();
eglBase.createSurface(inputSurface);
drawer = new GlRectDrawer();
}
mediaCodec.start();
outputBuffers = mediaCodec.getOutputBuffers();
Logging.d(TAG, "Output buffers: " + outputBuffers.length);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
Logging.e(TAG, "initEncode failed", e);
release();
return false;
}
return true;
}
MediaCodecVideoEncoder的RegisterEncodeCompleteCallback定义如下所示，可见callback_成员是一个VCMEncodedFrameCallback对象。
int32_t MediaCodecVideoEncoder::RegisterEncodeCompleteCallback(
EncodedImageCallback* callback) {
RTC_DCHECK_CALLED_SEQUENTIALLY(&encoder_queue_checker_);
JNIEnv* jni = AttachCurrentThreadIfNeeded();
ScopedLocalRefFrame local_ref_frame(jni);
callback_ = callback;
return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
}
回到WebRtcVideoSendStream的RecreateWebRtcStream函数，会调用VideoSendStream的SetSource设置Source，最后会在VideoSourceProxy的SetSource函数中调用WebRtcVideoSendStream的AddOrUpdateSink函数将VideoStreamEncoder这个sink对象注册到Source上，这样Source的图像数据就可以分发到VideoStreamEncoder对象进行编码了。
总结
本篇文章主要分析了webrtc视频编码模块的初始化流程，这个流程就是创建一系列相关的对象，然后编码器设置好输入输出，VideoStreamEncoder对象负责输入输出的衔接，编码器的输入是通过将VideoStreamEncoder注册到VideoTrack来完成图像数据的接收，此时VideoStreamEncoder是做为一个VideoSinkInterface对象，编码器的输出是通过将VCMEncodedFrameCallback注册到MediaCodecVideoEncoder，再经过VideoStreamEncoder来完成码流数据的打包和传输，这工作是交给VideoSendStreamImpl来完成的，此时VideoStreamEncoder是做为一个EncodedImageCallback对象。
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