搭建基本的react项目
- 我们使用create-react-app(npm要全局安装create-react-app)快速创建一个react项目：
npx create-react-app my-app
cd my-app
npm start
启动成功后，就可以看到react的页面啦。接下来我们稍稍调整下项目的目录结构和页面内容，新增About页面。
-
在src目录下新建pages目录，用来放置前端页面。新建App目录，将原来App.js和App.css移动进去，注意这两个文件引入路径的修改。
项目目录结构图
-
在src目录下新增Home页面和About页面（后面用到）
// 路径：/src/pages/Home/Home.js
import React from 'react'
const Home = () => (
<div>
<h1>Home Page</h1>
<p>这是Home页面</p>
</div>
)
export default Home
// 路径：/src/pages/About/About.js
import React from 'react'
const About = () => (
<div>
<h1>About Page</h1>
<p>这是About页面</p>
</div>
)
export default About
接入react-router
接下来，我们开始在项目中接入react-router，通过npm指令安装"react-router"和"react-router-dom"：
npm i -S react-router react-router-dom
- 我们修改一下
/src/pages/App/App.js和/src/index.js的内容：
// /src/pages/App/App.js
import React from 'react'
import { Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from '../Home/Home'
import About from '../About/About'
const App = () => (
<div>
<header>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
</header>
<main>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home} />
<Route exact path="/about" component={About} />
</main>
</div>
)
export default App
// /src/index.js
// ...省略代码
import { Router } from "react-router";
import { createBrowserHistory } from "history";
const history = createBrowserHistory();
// ...省略代码
<Router history={history}>
<App />
</Router>
// ...省略代码
- 这样我们就配置好了react-router，执行
npm start命令，在浏览器中查看页面，点击Home展示Home页面，点击About展示About页面
react路由配置成功后预览页面
接入redux
接下来，我们在项目中接入redux，首先通过npm安装以下依赖：
npm i react-redux redux redux-thunk connected-react-router
- 在src目录下新建modules目录，这个目录用来存放reducer相关的文件，新建counter.js和index.js
// /src/modules/counter.js
export const INCREMENT_REQUESTED = 'counter/INCREMENT_REQUESTED'
export const INCREMENT = 'counter/INCREMENT'
export const DECREMENT_REQUESTED = 'counter/DECREMENT_REQUESTED'
export const DECREMENT = 'counter/DECREMENT'
const initialState = {
count: 0,
isIncrementing: false,
isDecrementing: false
}
export default (state = initialState, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case INCREMENT_REQUESTED:
return {
...state,
isIncrementing: true
}
case INCREMENT:
return {
...state,
count: state.count + 1,
isIncrementing: !state.isIncrementing
}
case DECREMENT_REQUESTED:
return {
...state,
isDecrementing: true
}
case DECREMENT:
return {
...state,
count: state.count - 1,
isDecrementing: !state.isDecrementing
}
default:
return state
}
}
export const increment = () => {
return dispatch => {
dispatch({
type: INCREMENT_REQUESTED
})
dispatch({
type: INCREMENT
})
}
}
export const incrementAsync = () => {
return dispatch => {
dispatch({
type: INCREMENT_REQUESTED
})
return setTimeout(() => {
dispatch({
type: INCREMENT
})
}, 3000)
}
}
export const decrement = () => {
return dispatch => {
dispatch({
type: DECREMENT_REQUESTED
})
dispatch({
type: DECREMENT
})
}
}
export const decrementAsync = () => {
return dispatch => {
dispatch({
type: DECREMENT_REQUESTED
})
return setTimeout(() => {
dispatch({
type: DECREMENT
})
}, 3000)
}
}
// /src/modules/index.js
import { combineReducers } from 'redux'
import counter from './counter'
import { connectRouter } from 'connected-react-router'
const createRootReducer = (history)=> combineReducers({
counter,
router: connectRouter(history)})
export default createRootReducer
- 在src目录下新建store.js
// /src/store.js
import { createStore, applyMiddleware, compose } from 'redux'
import { routerMiddleware } from 'connected-react-router'
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
import * as History from 'history'
import createRootReducer from './modules'
export const history = History.createBrowserHistory()
const initialState = {}
const enhancers = []
const middleware = [thunk, routerMiddleware(history)]
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
const devToolsExtension = window.__REDUX_DEVTOOLS_EXTENSION__
if (typeof devToolsExtension === 'function') {
enhancers.push(devToolsExtension())
}
}
const composedEnhancers = compose(
applyMiddleware(...middleware),
...enhancers
)
export default createStore(
createRootReducer(history),
initialState,
composedEnhancers
)
- 修改下
/src/index.js的内容：
// /src/index.js
// ...省略代码
import { Provider } from 'react-redux'
import { ConnectedRouter } from 'connected-react-router'
import store, { history } from './store'
// ...省略代码
<Provider store={store}>
<ConnectedRouter history={history}>
<App />
</ConnectedRouter>
</Provider>
// ...省略代码
- 在Home页和About页中接入redux
// 修改 /src/pages/Home/Home.js
import React from 'react'
import { push } from 'connected-react-router'
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import {
increment,
incrementAsync,
decrement,
decrementAsync
} from '../../modules/counter'
const Home = props => (
<div>
<h1>Home</h1>
<p>Count: {props.count}</p>
<p>
<button onClick={props.increment}>Increment</button>
<button onClick={props.incrementAsync} disabled={props.isIncrementing}>
Increment Async
</button>
</p>
<p>
<button onClick={props.decrement}>Decrement</button>
<button onClick={props.decrementAsync} disabled={props.isDecrementing}>
Decrement Async
</button>
</p>
<p>
<button onClick={() => props.changePage()}>
Go to about page via redux
</button>
</p>
</div>
)
const mapStateToProps = ({ counter }) => ({
count: counter.count,
isIncrementing: counter.isIncrementing,
isDecrementing: counter.isDecrementing
})
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch =>
bindActionCreators(
{
increment,
incrementAsync,
decrement,
decrementAsync,
changePage: () => push('/about')
},
dispatch
)
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(Home)
// 修改 /src/pages/About/About.js
import React from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
const About = (props) => (
<div>
<h1>About Page</h1>
<p>这是About页面</p>
<p>count计数：{props.count}</p>
</div>
)
const mapStateToProps = ({ counter }) => ({
count: counter.count
})
export default connect(
mapStateToProps
)(About)
- 到此，一个react+react-router+redux的基本项目就已经配置完成了，接下来就可以做更深层次的业务开发了。
结尾
本文中没有对react-router和redux做什么原理性和概念性的介绍，纯粹作为傻瓜式的教程，由react基本项目，到接入react-router，最后接入redux完成一个基本的react全家桶项目搭建，目的是让初学者能够体验一下完整的react全家桶基本项目。在本教程中如果有什么问题，可以留言哦。
如果想要深入理解react、react-router和redux的知识，建议去官网阅读文档深入学习。
最后，在业余时间编写了一个快速构建react全家桶项目模板、vue2.x全家桶项目模板和、vue3项目模板的npm脚手架fast-project，希望大家能够下载体验，给出一些建议吶~
番外
之前的教程是搭建一个常见jsx版react项目，最近在新项目中使用了ts语言，组件编写全面拥抱了hooks，redux使用reduxjs/toolkit，而不是thunk。新的项目模板地址https://gitee.com/duchengdong/react-ts-template.git，同时也已经添加到了fast-project快速搭建项目脚手架里。
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