今天开始，看中国哲学简史的英文版，跟着友邻优课夏鹏老师的课程精讲，主要以语法，翻译，口语的提升为主，慢下来，看到不一样的风景。
S01E01 中国哲学的精神
The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy
中国哲学的精神
The place which philosophy has occupied in Chinese civilization has been comparable to that of religion in other civilizations. In China, philosophy has been every educated person's concern. In the old days, if a man were educated at all, the first education he received was in philosophy. When children went to school, the Four Books, which consist of the Confucian Analects, the Book of Mencius, the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean, were the first ones they were taught to read. The Four Books were the most important texts of Neo-Confucianist philosophy. Sometimes when the children were just beginning to learn the characters, they were given a sort of textbook to read. This was known as the Three Characters Classic, and was so called because each sentence in the book consisted of three characters arranged so that when recited they produced a rhythmic effect, and thus helped the children to memorize them more easily. This book was in reality a primer and the very first statement in it is that "the nature of man is originally good." This is one of the fundamental ideas of Mencius' philosophy.
哲学在中国文化中的地位，历来被看为可以和宗教在其他文化中的地位相比拟。在中国，哲学是每一个受过教育的人都关切的领域。从前在中国，一个人如果受教育，首先就是受哲学方面的启蒙教育。儿童入学，首先要读的就是《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》。这“四书”也是宋以后道学（在西方被称为“新儒学”）认为最重要的文献。孩子刚学认字，通常所用的课本《三字经》，每三个字为一组，每六个字成一句，偶句押韵，朗读时容易上口，也便于记忆。事实上，这本书乃是中国儿童的识字课本。《三字经》的第一句“人之初，性本善”，便是孟子哲学的基本思想。
S01E02 哲学在中国文化中的地位
The Place of Philosophy in Chinese Civilization
哲学在中国文化中的地位
To the Westerner, who sees that the life of the Chinese people is permeated with Confucianism, it appears that Confucianism is a religion. As a matter of fact, however, Confucianism is no more a religion than, say, Platonism or Aristotelianism. It is true that the Four Books have been the Bible of the Chinese people, but in the Four Books there is no story of creation, and no mention of a heaven or hell.
在西方人眼里，中国人的生活渗透了儒家思想，儒家俨然成为一种宗教。而事实上，儒家思想并不比柏拉图或亚里士多德思想更像宗教。“四书”在中国人心目中诚然具有《圣经》在西方人心目中的那种地位，但“四书”中没有上帝创世，也没有天堂地狱。
Of course, the terms philosophy and religion are both ambiguous. Philosophy and religion may have entirely different meanings for different people. When men talk about philosophy or religion, they may have quite different ideas in their minds concerning them. For my part, what I call philosophy is systematic, reflective thinking on life. Every man, who has not yet died, is in life. But there are not many who think reflectively on life, and still fewer whose reflective thinking is systematic. A philosopher must philosophize; that is to say, he must think reflectively on life, and then express his thoughts systematically.
当然，哲学和宗教的含义并不十分明确，不同的人对哲学和宗教的理解可能全然不同。人们谈到哲学或宗教时，心目中所想的可能很不同。就我来说，哲学是对人生的系统的反思。人只要还没有死，他就还是在人生之中，但并不是所有的人都对人生进行反思，至于作系统反思的人就更少。一个哲学家总要进行哲学思考，这就是说，他必须对人生进行反思，并把自己的思想系统地表述出来。
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