Android消息机制
android消息机制的核心类:
- Looper
- Handler
- MessageQueue---单链表
- Message
- ThreadLocal<T>
Handler异步通信机制工作流程图
Handler.Looper.MessageQueue关系图:
这里写图片描述
Handler核心类:
-
Handler:
-
Looper(当前线程ThraedLocal<Looper>) -
MessageQueue(即为Looper关联的MessageQueue) -
Imessenger(实现进程之间的通讯)
-
-
handler发送消息:
- send方案发送消息(最终将消息放入消息队列中,即
queue.enqueue()):
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }- post方法发送消息:(将
runnable()封装成Message后,放入队列中)
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) { Message m = Message.obtain(); m.callback = r; return m; } - send方案发送消息(最终将消息放入消息队列中,即
-
handler处理消息:
这里写图片描述
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
Looper核心类:
Looper关联MessageQueue,每个Looper对象中都有一个MessageQueue用于存储消息, 关联一个ThreadLocal<Looper>用于存储当前线程的Looper对象.
- looper.prepare()
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
//将looper存储于ThreadLocal中
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
- looper.loop()
//核心就不断从队列中取出消息,并处理消息, 如果队列中没有消息looper出现阻塞.
public static void loop() {
//.....
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
//.....
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
//.....
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
- 将线程变为looper线程, 类似于HandlerThread:
public class LooperThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
// 将当前线程初始化为Looper线程
Looper.prepare();
// ...其他处理，如实例化handler
// 开始循环处理消息队列
Looper.loop();
}
}
MessageQueue:
MessageQueue内部并不是队列,而是通过单链表结构来维护消息列表,单链表在插入和删除上比较有优势.
-
插入功能(enqueueMessage())
-
取出功能(next())即链表的删除功能)
主线程的消息循环:
Android的主线程就是ActivityThread,入口方法main();通常在新打开一个APK界面时，ActivityManagerService会为该APK启动一个新的新建ActivityThread作为该APK的主线程。该主线程的main函数主要做了两件事：
- 新建ActivityThread对象。
- 使用主线程进入消息循环。
public final class ActivityThread {
...
public static void main(String[] args) {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
...
Looper.loop();
...
}
}
- 主线程消息循环后，需要一个Handler和消息队列交互:
public final class ActivityThread {
...
final H mH = new H();
...
private class H extends Handler {
...
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
...
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
...
}
}
}
}
-
ActivityThread通过ApplicationThread和AMS进行进程间通讯,AMS以进程间通讯的方法完成ActivityThread的请求后回调ApplicationThread中的Binder方法,然后ApplicationThread会向H发送消息,H收到消息后会将ApplicationThread逻辑切换到ActivityThread中执行,即切换到主线程中执行.
public final class ActivityThread {
...
private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
...
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int procState, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward,
String profileName, ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, boolean autoStopProfiler) {
...
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
...
}
...
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
sendMessage(what, obj, 0, 0, false);
}
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2, boolean async) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
msg.obj = obj;
msg.arg1 = arg1;
msg.arg2 = arg2;
if (async) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
mH.sendMessage(msg);
}
...
}
Handler内存泄露:
This Handler class should be static or leaks might occur 。
- 确保class内部的handler不含有外部类的隐式引用 。 同一个线程下的handler共享一个looper对象，消息中保留了对handler的引用，只要有消息在队列中，那么handler便无法被回收，如果handler不是static那么使用Handler的Service和Activity就也无法被回收。这就可能导致内存泄露。
- 官方推荐将handler设为static类，并在里面使用弱引用WeakReference
public static class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
WeakReference<BaseServiceActivity> activityRef;
public ServiceHandler(WeakReference<BaseServiceActivity> activityRef) {
this.activityRef = activityRef;
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Device device = null;
switch (msg.what) {
case Constant.MSG_NOTIFY_SERVER_CONNECT: //连上服务器
// Toast.makeText(activityRef.get(), "Have connected the socket server!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case Constant.MSG_NOTIFY_SERVER_DISCONNECT: //与服务器断开
// Toast.makeText(activityRef.get(), "Have disconnected the socket server!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case Command.SMS_REPLY_COMMAND: //GSM回复
case Constant.MSG_NOTIFY_DEVICE_REPLY: //GPRS回复
activityRef.get().mHandler.removeMessages(Command.TIME_OUT_CMD);
activityRef.get().performNextActionWithCorrespondingCommand((String) msg.obj);
break;
case Constant.MSG_NOTIFY_DEVICE_ONLINE_STATUS:
device = (Device) msg.obj;
activityRef.get().notifyDeviceOnlineStatus(device);
break;
}
}
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