技术文档：官方地址

https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/wiki/Espresso

https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/docs/espresso/advanced/index.html

参考文档：

http://www.jianshu.com/p/03118c11c199

http://www.vogella.com/tutorials/AndroidTestingEspresso/article.html

简单的android ui自动化测试

优点：可以实现ui的自动化测试；

进行简单的mock数据测试，不强依赖于业务&&服务端；

容易实现；

1.使用方法

a．在defaultConfig内增加，testInstrumentationRunner来运行脚本

testInstrumentationRunner"android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

b．依赖Espresso测试框架

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.2')

androidTestCompile'com.android.support.test:rules:0.2'

androidTestCompile'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1'

androidTestCompile'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2.2'

注意：若依赖引入时报错，某些框架的版本太低，根据错误进行包的引入即可。Eg。

androidTestCompile'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.1'

androidTestCompile'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.0'

c．编写测试代码

文件可编写在：androidTest文件夹下，根据待测页面的路径&名称进行命名。

Import框架：

importandroid.app.Activity;

importandroid.app.Instrumentation;

importandroid.content.Context;

importandroid.content.Intent;

importandroid.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;

importandroid.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;

importandroid.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

importandroid.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;

importcom.ali.spark.R;

importcom.ali.spark.biz.publish.tag.EditTagModel;

importcom.ali.spark.biz.tagsearch.TagChooseActivity;

importcom.ali.spark.pojo.vo.tag.BaseTagVO;

importcom.ali.spark.pojo.vo.tag.CommonTagVO;

importcom.ali.spark.pojo.vo.tag.CurrencyTagVO;

importcom.ali.spark.pojo.vo.tag.TagExtVO;

importorg.junit.Rule;

importorg.junit.Test;

importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;

importjava.util.ArrayList;

importjava.util.List;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onData;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.Espresso.pressBack;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.swipeUp;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.intent.Intents.intending;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.intent.matcher.IntentMatchers.toPackage;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.matcher.RootMatchers.withDecorView;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.hasSibling;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;

import staticandroid.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

import staticorg.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;

import staticorg.hamcrest.Matchers.not;

import staticorg.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;

import staticorg.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;

import staticorg.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.startsWith;

import staticorg.hamcrest.Matchers.hasToString;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)

@LargeTest

public classTagChooseActivityInstrumentationTest{

private static finalStringSTRING_TO_BE_TYPED="123";

//要测试的页面activity

@Rule

publicActivityTestRulemActivityRule=newActivityTestRule<>(

TagChooseActivity.class,true,false);

/*币种的选择

listview可以使用wityText来判定是哪一个控件

*/@Test

public voidchoosePrice() {

// launchActivity的模式，可以mock不同的intents检验页面的展示情况

Context targetContext =InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();

Intent intent =newIntent(targetContext, TagChooseActivity.class);

mActivityRule.launchActivity(intent);

String priceType ="美元";

//寻找控件

onView(withId(R.id.price_type)).perform(click());

//操作控件

onView(withText(priceType)).perform(click());

//检查结果

onView(withId(R.id.price_type)).check(matches(withText(priceType)));

}

d．运行

右键运行：

运行结果:

2.功能实现

a．唤起页面&&初始化intent

//ActivityTestRule设置activity launch的模式，也可以不设置，则直接唤起activity

publicActivityTestRulemActivityRule=newActivityTestRule<>(

TagChooseActivity.class,true,false);

//初始化intent，启动页面

ContexttargetContext =InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();

Intent intent =newIntent(targetContext,

TagChooseActivity.class);

mActivityRule.launchActivity(intent);

b．ui测试

ViewMachers：寻找用来测试的View。

ViewActions：发送交互事件。

ViewAssertions：检验测试结果。

I．寻找测试的view：

onView(withId(R.id.price_num)).perform(typeText("123"),closeSoftKeyboard());

withId()通过控件id寻找控件；

withText()通过控件上的文字寻找控件；

listView:id相同可以通过控件上text方法寻找控件：

onView(allOf(withText("7"),hasSibling(withText("item: 0")))).perform(click());

II.发送交互事件：

.perform()

用户软键盘输入内容：

onView(withId(R.id.price_num)).perform(typeText("123"),closeSoftKeyboard());

点击控件事件：

onView(withId(R.id.tag_price_delete)).perform(click());

滑动页面事件：

onView(withId(R.id.lv_popup)).perform(swipeUp());

还有很多长按，双击，等用户常用手势，均在perform类中有封装。

III.检测测试结果

.check

查看ui上内容显示是否正确：

onView(withId(R.id.price_type)).check(matches(withText("人民币")));

查看控件是否存在：

onView(allOf(withId(R.id.iv_item_location),hasSibling(withText("人民币")))).check(matches(isDisplayed()));

onView(allOf(withId(R.id.iv_item_location),hasSibling(withText("美元")))).check(matches(not(isDisplayed())));

IV. check for a toast

@Test

public voidtoastCheckCase() {

onData(hasToString(containsString("Frodo"))).perform(click());

onView(withText(startsWith("Clicked:"))).

inRoot(withDecorView(

not(is(mActivityRule.getActivity().

getWindow().getDecorView())))).

check(matches(isDisplayed()));

}

c．线程安全

Espresso测试有个很强大的地方是它在多个测试操作中是线程安全的。Espresso会等待当前进程的消息队列中的UI事件，并且在任何一个测试操作中会等待其中的AsyncTask结束才会执行下一个测试。这能够解决程序中大部分的线程同步问题。

哈哈，别人的总结图，更加清晰