一、设备树文件编写
spi_master: spi_master
{
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
compatible = "spi_master";
io_phy_addr = <0x1f000000>;
banks = <0x1110>,<0x1111>,<0x1038>,<0x101E>;
interrupts = <GIC_SPI INT_IRQ_MSPI_0 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,<GIC_SPI INT_IRQ_MSPI_1 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
spi0_mode = <1>;
spi1_mode = <3>;
status = "okay";
spi_device: spi_device
{
compatible = "spi_device";
reg = <0x0>;
spi-max-frequency = <10000000>;
status = "okay";
};
};
如上DTS文件片段，SPI Device 节点必须定义在 SPI Master 节点下，其中 compatible 属性和 reg 属性，以上 compatible 属性用于匹配对应的 Driver 程序，reg 属性用于指定使用的 SPI Master 的编号，SPI 相关设备树文件识别见下文讲解。
二、代码流程
匹配设备树文件在SPI子系统中有两个地方：在 spi_register_master() 中匹配和在 device register 时通过内核的通知链（notifier_block）来调用设备树匹配相关程序。
- 在 spi_register_master() 中匹配：
//driver/spi/spi.c
int spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master)
{
static atomic_t dyn_bus_id = ATOMIC_INIT((1<<15) - 1);
struct device *dev = master->dev.parent;
struct boardinfo *bi;
int status = -ENODEV;
int dynamic = 0;
if (!dev)
return -ENODEV;
status = of_spi_register_master(master);
if (status)
return status;
/* even if it's just one always-selected device, there must
* be at least one chipselect
*/
if (master->num_chipselect == 0)
return -EINVAL;
if ((master->bus_num < 0) && master->dev.of_node)
master->bus_num = of_alias_get_id(master->dev.of_node, "spi");
/* convention: dynamically assigned bus IDs count down from the max */
if (master->bus_num < 0) {
/* FIXME switch to an IDR based scheme, something like
* I2C now uses, so we can't run out of "dynamic" IDs
*/
master->bus_num = atomic_dec_return(&dyn_bus_id);
dynamic = 1;
}
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&master->queue);
spin_lock_init(&master->queue_lock);
spin_lock_init(&master->bus_lock_spinlock);
mutex_init(&master->bus_lock_mutex);
mutex_init(&master->io_mutex);
master->bus_lock_flag = 0;
init_completion(&master->xfer_completion);
if (!master->max_dma_len)
master->max_dma_len = INT_MAX;
/* register the device, then userspace will see it.
* registration fails if the bus ID is in use.
*/
dev_set_name(&master->dev, "spi%u", master->bus_num);
status = device_add(&master->dev);
if (status < 0)
goto done;
dev_dbg(dev, "registered master %s%s\n", dev_name(&master->dev),
dynamic ? " (dynamic)" : "");
/* If we're using a queued driver, start the queue */
if (master->transfer)
dev_info(dev, "master is unqueued, this is deprecated\n");
else {
status = spi_master_initialize_queue(master);
if (status) {
device_del(&master->dev);
goto done;
}
}
/* add statistics */
spin_lock_init(&master->statistics.lock);
mutex_lock(&board_lock);
list_add_tail(&master->list, &spi_master_list);
list_for_each_entry(bi, &board_list, list)
spi_match_master_to_boardinfo(master, &bi->board_info);
mutex_unlock(&board_lock);
/* Register devices from the device tree and ACPI */
of_register_spi_devices(master); // 设备树匹配操作
acpi_register_spi_devices(master);
done:
return status;
}
//driver/spi/spi.c
static void of_register_spi_devices(struct spi_master *master)
{
struct spi_device *spi;
struct device_node *nc;
if (!master->dev.of_node)
return;
for_each_available_child_of_node(master->dev.of_node, nc) {
if (of_node_test_and_set_flag(nc, OF_POPULATED))
continue;
spi = of_register_spi_device(master, nc); // 设备树匹配操作
if (IS_ERR(spi)) {
dev_warn(&master->dev, "Failed to create SPI device for %s\n",
nc->full_name);
of_node_clear_flag(nc, OF_POPULATED);
}
}
}
- 在 device register 时匹配：
//driver/spi/spi.c
static int __init spi_init(void)
{
int status;
buf = kmalloc(SPI_BUFSIZ, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!buf) {
status = -ENOMEM;
goto err0;
}
status = bus_register(&spi_bus_type);
if (status < 0)
goto err1;
status = class_register(&spi_master_class);
if (status < 0)
goto err2;
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF_DYNAMIC))
WARN_ON(of_reconfig_notifier_register(&spi_of_notifier));
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ACPI))
WARN_ON(acpi_reconfig_notifier_register(&spi_acpi_notifier));
return 0;
err2:
bus_unregister(&spi_bus_type);
err1:
kfree(buf);
buf = NULL;
err0:
return status;
}
postcore_initcall(spi_init);
在 device register 时，需配置 CONFIG_OF_DYNAMIC 宏以开启动态匹配才能够使用设备树添加设备，该宏在 menuconfig/Device Drivers/Device Tree and Open Firmware support 中开启，如下图：
//driver/spi/spi.c
static struct notifier_block spi_of_notifier = {
.notifier_call = of_spi_notify,
};
static int of_spi_notify(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
void *arg)
{
struct of_reconfig_data *rd = arg;
struct spi_master *master;
struct spi_device *spi;
switch (of_reconfig_get_state_change(action, arg)) {
case OF_RECONFIG_CHANGE_ADD:
master = of_find_spi_master_by_node(rd->dn->parent);
if (master == NULL)
return NOTIFY_OK; /* not for us */
if (of_node_test_and_set_flag(rd->dn, OF_POPULATED)) {
put_device(&master->dev);
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
spi = of_register_spi_device(master, rd->dn); // 设备树匹配操作
put_device(&master->dev);
if (IS_ERR(spi)) {
pr_err("%s: failed to create for '%s'\n",
__func__, rd->dn->full_name);
of_node_clear_flag(rd->dn, OF_POPULATED);
return notifier_from_errno(PTR_ERR(spi));
}
break;
case OF_RECONFIG_CHANGE_REMOVE:
/* already depopulated? */
if (!of_node_check_flag(rd->dn, OF_POPULATED))
return NOTIFY_OK;
/* find our device by node */
spi = of_find_spi_device_by_node(rd->dn);
if (spi == NULL)
return NOTIFY_OK; /* no? not meant for us */
/* unregister takes one ref away */
spi_unregister_device(spi);
/* and put the reference of the find */
put_device(&spi->dev);
break;
}
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
//driver/spi/spi.c
static struct spi_device *
of_register_spi_device(struct spi_master *master, struct device_node *nc)
{
struct spi_device *spi;
int rc;
u32 value;
/* Alloc an spi_device */
spi = spi_alloc_device(master);
if (!spi) {
dev_err(&master->dev, "spi_device alloc error for %s\n",
nc->full_name);
rc = -ENOMEM;
goto err_out;
}
/* Select device driver */
rc = of_modalias_node(nc, spi->modalias,
sizeof(spi->modalias));
if (rc < 0) {
dev_err(&master->dev, "cannot find modalias for %s\n",
nc->full_name);
goto err_out;
}
/* Device address */
rc = of_property_read_u32(nc, "reg", &value);
if (rc) {
dev_err(&master->dev, "%s has no valid 'reg' property (%d)\n",
nc->full_name, rc);
goto err_out;
}
spi->chip_select = value;
/* Mode (clock phase/polarity/etc.) */
if (of_find_property(nc, "spi-cpha", NULL))
spi->mode |= SPI_CPHA;
if (of_find_property(nc, "spi-cpol", NULL))
spi->mode |= SPI_CPOL;
if (of_find_property(nc, "spi-cs-high", NULL))
spi->mode |= SPI_CS_HIGH;
if (of_find_property(nc, "spi-3wire", NULL))
spi->mode |= SPI_3WIRE;
if (of_find_property(nc, "spi-lsb-first", NULL))
spi->mode |= SPI_LSB_FIRST;
/* Device DUAL/QUAD mode */
if (!of_property_read_u32(nc, "spi-tx-bus-width", &value)) {
switch (value) {
case 1:
break;
case 2:
spi->mode |= SPI_TX_DUAL;
break;
case 4:
spi->mode |= SPI_TX_QUAD;
break;
default:
dev_warn(&master->dev,
"spi-tx-bus-width %d not supported\n",
value);
break;
}
}
if (!of_property_read_u32(nc, "spi-rx-bus-width", &value)) {
switch (value) {
case 1:
break;
case 2:
spi->mode |= SPI_RX_DUAL;
break;
case 4:
spi->mode |= SPI_RX_QUAD;
break;
default:
dev_warn(&master->dev,
"spi-rx-bus-width %d not supported\n",
value);
break;
}
}
/* Device speed */
rc = of_property_read_u32(nc, "spi-max-frequency", &value);
if (rc) {
dev_err(&master->dev, "%s has no valid 'spi-max-frequency' property (%d)\n",
nc->full_name, rc);
goto err_out;
}
spi->max_speed_hz = value;
/* Store a pointer to the node in the device structure */
of_node_get(nc);
spi->dev.of_node = nc;
/* Register the new device */
rc = spi_add_device(spi);
if (rc) {
dev_err(&master->dev, "spi_device register error %s\n",
nc->full_name);
goto err_of_node_put;
}
return spi;
err_of_node_put:
of_node_put(nc);
err_out:
spi_dev_put(spi);
return ERR_PTR(rc);
}
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